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Using the HD and Capabilities Approach: The How of Applied Development Programming and Practice

Learning Objectives. Understand what is meant by

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Using the HD and Capabilities Approach: The How of Applied Development Programming and Practice

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    1. Using the HD and Capabilities Approach: The How of Applied Development Programming and Practice K. Seeta Prabhu UNDP India Oxford HD Training 18 September, 2008

    2. Learning Objectives Understand what is meant by ‘application of HD&C approach’ Comprehend pitfalls and constraints Explore ways of using the HD&C approach in projects and programmes Outline the implications of adopting the HD&C approach for programming, monitoring and evaluation

    3. Structure of the Presentation

    4. Imperative of Application Human Development and HD Approach UNDP’s important contribution to development discourse Intrinsic importance - provide a value based, people oriented approach to achieving development results Enables Development Actors to ‘walk the talk’ and move from ‘analysis to action’ Instrumental importance - enables national governments and partners to formulate HD oriented policies and programmes Widens and deepens HD advocacy efforts & brand equity

    5. Imperative of Application First Para of the Strategic Vision document 2008-11 states: “The UNDP mission is to support countries to accelerate progress on human development. This means that all UNDP policy advice, technical support, advocacy, and contributions to strengthening coherence in global development finance must be aimed at one end result: real improvements in people’s lives and in the choices and opportunities open to them.” (Para 1 of Strategic Plan) Followed by Executive Board President’s Note (Item 17) directive to UNDP to adopt ‘ a human development approach to programming’

    6. Strengths of Application HD&C - an ethical approach – value based approach Views people as ‘ends’ – provides an alternative to mainstream development approaches multi dimensional - inter-disciplinary – evolving Lends specificity to the approach Focused at both micro and macro levels at micro level: individual agency and well-being at macro level: societal arrangements, policies

    7. Challenges of Application How to incorporate people centred approaches in development initiatives to achieve well being and agency freedoms? Many times great ideas have lost richness in application or operationalisation and could lead to a reductionist approach - examples Social security - Beveridge Report defined as ‘Freedom from Want’ – in operationalisation by ILO reduced to contingency related measures for organised sector workers Human Development Index - to capture important HD dimensions – often HD equated with social sector development

    8. Development Through Projects Development typically delivered through projects Main tools of projects - Logical Framework & Results Based Management Tension between project approach and people centred development Short term project cycle vs long term requirements Detailed planning by experts vs planning by people & adapt as you go approach Focus on inputs and outputs (more recently outcomes but narrowly defined) vs focus on process, opportunities and building capabilities

    9. Other Approaches Participatory Learning Approach - advocated as being more appropriate The What of Development – macro policies as well as development initiatives The How of Development Not as development interventions but as empowered participation of stakeholders as agents Enable going beyond sectoral boundaries and facilitate ‘Joined-up thinking - Joined-up feeling’ Process management – application of HD&C approach within projects & programmes

    10. Using Projects for Promoting HD&C How to ensure HD compliance within projects and programmes? Purpose of all projects/programmes – ‘enlarging the range of people’s choices - ’individuals as agents’ Process Using HD principles to project cycle - Equity, Efficiency, Participation & Empowerment and Sustainability Using Capacity Development, Human Rights, HD Advocacy, Data etc as tools

    11. Applying HD Principles - Equity Equality of Opportunity - Incorporates idea of distributive justice Choices & opportunities to all human beings - individuals as agents and not ‘beneficiaries’ No standard definition of what constitutes equity – varies across societies Involves value (what values change over time) - could change over time

    12. Using HD Principles - Efficiency

    13. Using HD Principles - Participation & Empowerment Foundational principle of HD&C Freedom to shape and exercise choices exercised in line with human rights Processes that lead people to perceive themselves as capable of making life choices Participatory Learning Approach to Programme Design, Monitoring and Evaluation - implies that people be involved at every stage as agents Development not as interventions but empowered participation

    14. Using HD Principles- Sustainability Sustainability in all spheres Social Cultural Economic Political Environmental HD approach requires that all 4 principles- Equity, Efficiency, Empowerment and Sustainability - be adhered to simultaneously – conscious of trade offs among principles Benign dictatorship and efficiency or participatory democracy and less efficient outcomes? High growth now vs lower but sustainable growth in the long run?

    15. Elements of Application Capacity Development from HD perspective Capacity of individuals Organisations Societal Advocacy on HD approach HD approach in all policy documents at various levels e.g NHDRs PRSPs & MDGRs as tools Support sub-national HDRs as tools of planning HD concepts of choices and opportunities more widely applied Planning and Implementation Inter unit synergies explicitly planned HD analysis used to guide programme

    16. Implications for Programme, M&E Approach to Programme Formulation, M&E may need revisiting Move from projects as blueprints to ….. participatory approaches results based approaches to be adapted to … participatory learning approaches Is it ‘our’ project in which ‘they’ participate or ‘their’ project in which ‘we’ participate?

    17. Implications for Programme, M&E Methods of Formulating Results may need revisiting Goals of development and success indicators to be determined by stakeholders Baselines may need to be done differently Data collection systems may need complete overhaul Monitoring by people - HD Report Cards – data may be collected differently Timing and process of evaluation may change - milestones may be determined by people

    18. What Next ? Greater clarity on what is HD&C approach How to apply within developmental organisations’ structure and programme arrangements? How to integrate with HRBA & Gender approaches? Who bells the cat?

    19. References Gabriel Ferrero y de Loma-Osorio, Carlos Salvador Zepeda – 2008? ‘Changing Approaches and Methods in Development Planning: Operationalising the Capability Approach with Participatory and Learning Process Approaches’

    20.

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