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The New Republic

The New Republic. EQ – What was the impact of the major domestic and foreign issues Washington faced?. http://www.harpers.org/media/image/blogs/misc/alexander-hamilton.jpg http://www.visitingdc.com/images/george-washington-picture.jpg. The Federalist Era. George Washington

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The New Republic

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  1. The New Republic EQ – What was the impact of the major domestic and foreign issues Washington faced? http://www.harpers.org/media/image/blogs/misc/alexander-hamilton.jpg http://www.visitingdc.com/images/george-washington-picture.jpg

  2. The Federalist Era • George Washington • Chosen by the Electoral College in 1789, unanimously elected • 2 Term President (1789-1796) • 6’2”, 175 lbs., pock marked and toothless

  3. Washington’s Life • Surveyor • Plantation Owner (Slave Owner) • Married (Martha, no children) • Hero of American Revolution • Leader of the Constitutional Convention • Federalist (not in name, but in policy)

  4. Washington is one of the few leaders of a military revolution to not become a dictator afterwards • Lenin • Mao • Napoleon • Caesar

  5. According the the census of 1790… -4 million in total population -90% of Americans lived on farms -Philadelphia, New York, Charleston, and Baltimore were the major cities Washington’s America

  6. Suffrage (Voting) Requirements • White • Male • Property Owner • Applied to ONLY 10-16% of population

  7. The Preamble of the Constitution– The Goals of the New Nation • More perfect Union • Establish justice • Ensure domestic tranquility • Provide common defense • Promote general welfare • Secure blessing of liberty

  8. As the first President,Washington set many“precedents” Examples that becometraditions to be followed http://www.history.com/videos/george-washingtons-precedents#george-washingtons-precedents

  9. George Washington elected President in 1789 Concept Problem Solution Executive Offices No executive offices to help run the government Creates the Cabinet…

  10. Washington’s Cabinet State Dept War Dept Sect. of Treasury Attorney General Henry Knox Thomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton Edmund Randolph Defend cases Foreign policy National Defense Nation’s finances http://www.visitingdc.com/images/thomas-jefferson-picture.jpg , http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/revwar/image_gal/indeimg/web_exhibit/KNOX_exb.jpg , http://law.wustl.edu/Faculty/Wiedenbeck/BasicTax/Hamilton1806Trumbull.jpg, http://www.usdiplomacy.org/exhibit/images/secretaries/Randolph,%20Edmund.jpg

  11. What about a court system? Concept Court System Problem Solution No Federal Court System Judiciary Act of 1789creates a federalcourt system &6-personSupreme Court;John Jay = firstchief justice

  12. Problems in Washington’s America Massive Debt • Around $80 Million • This is approx. $1,012,240,368.79 today • Money was owed to: • France • Ordinary Americans THE BIGGEST PROBLEM FOR THE GOVERNMENT WAS RAISING MONEY!!

  13. A Nation in DebtWhy were we in debt? Concept Problem Solution National & State Debt $80 million war debt; Lack of international respect Hamilton’s Economic Plan -Pay debts in full -Fed. gov. assumes state debts -Create a national bank

  14. Washington’s Problems Continued… Failure of Paper Currency • Money was worth very little (both Federal and State)

  15. What can our government now do to make money? Concept Taxes Problem Solution No tax system, no money to run government Excise Tax (Part of Hamilton’s Plan) Tariff – 25% tax on imported goods

  16. Washington’s Problems continued… Britain and Spain challenged unity

  17. Foreign Issues with Europe Conflicts between Great Britain & France Proclamation ofNeutrality (1793) Why…? Young nation, did notwant to get involved Weak military Dependent onforeign trade http://www.freewebs.com/ssjchokobo/06_french_revolution.jpghttp://www.freewebs.com/ssjchokobo/06_french_revolution.jpg

  18. Proclaiming Neutrality Proclamation ofNeutrality (1793) Britain begins stealingUS ships & sailors… aka “Impressment” Why does G.B do this? How does this affect the Neutrality Proclamation? http://azfar08.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/george-washington-big.jpg

  19. Foreign Policy Struggles The British wantedto keep Americansfrom settling in theNorthwest Territory How…? The British supplied Indians with arms to fight; Indians resisted American troops http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/8/88/350px-United_States_1789-08-1790.png

  20. Proclamation ofNeutrality (1793) Conflicts with Indians • NativeAmericanwar chief Little Turtle Battle of Fallen Timbers • Who won? • What resulted? Treaty of Greenville Opened Ohio to settlement

  21. Issues with Great Britain Impressment Jay’s Treaty Avoided war with Britain Pickney’s Treaty Opened Mississippi River &New Orleans to trade

  22. Jay’s Treaty of 1794 • What did Britain & the U.S. agree to? • No British forts on American soil • Americans must pay prewar debts • Result? • Avoids war with Britain • Does this treaty stop impressment? • NO!

  23. Reaction to the Jay Treaty • Split along party lines… • Washington & Federalists = “good work” • Democratic Republicans = “Jay is a sellout” • Treaty was passed http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/jaytreaty/1.html

  24. Pickney’s Treaty • What did Spain & U.S. agree to? • U.S. gains shipping rights on the Mississippi River & access to New Orleans • Result? • U.S. can send goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans, trade with other nations

  25. Whiskey Rebellion To help pay off the war debt, Washington started to tax whiskey Whiskey is an alcoholic beverage The farmers who grew the grain to make the whiskey were angry.

  26. Why whiskey? Farmers had a hard time getting their grain to market, so they turned their grain into whiskey, which was easier to transport. They got more money for the whiskey anyway. Farmers traded the whiskey for salt, sugar, and other goods. Farmers used whiskey as money to get whatever supplies they needed. Farmers did not have the money to pay for the tax.

  27. The Rebellion In the summer of 1794, a group of farmers in Western Pennsylvania rebelled against the whiskey tax and staged the Whiskey Rebellion. One group beat up a tax collector and coated him with tar and feathers.

  28. The Government Responds Alexander Hamilton wanted the government to look strong. He encouraged President Washington to stop the revolt. Federal troops (13,000) marched to Western Pennsylvania and put down the revolt. Washington had proved that the government would deal with people not obeying the law.

  29. Challenging the New Government Concept Problem Solution Enforcement of Laws Whiskey Rebellion: PA farmers refuse to pay the tax on whiskey Washington sendstroops; US willenforce its laws

  30. Political Parties • Authors of the Constitution wanted to avoid political parties • Why do you think this was the case? • They felt these groups were “factions” that threatened the unity of a republic • However, two political parties form…Federalists & Democratic-Republicans (Anti-Federalists)

  31. Political Parties Federalists Democratic Republicans • Considering the state of politics today, have political parties had more of a positive or negative effect on our country? • Hamilton • Strong central Leader Power of Gov. Economy British/French Constitution • Jefferson • More power to states • Industry/Trade • Pro-British • Loose construction • Farming • Pro-French • Strict construction

  32. Washington Calls It Quits • After two terms, Washington retired from the Presidency • Could he have run for a third term? • Why do you think he decided not to? • Many historians feel the US would not have survived without his leadership http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/George_Washington_1795.jpg/300px-George_Washington_1795.jpg

  33. Washington’s Farewell Address Before he retired, Washington gave a farewell address (speech). In it he: Warned against political parties - He thought they could divide the country and lead to civil war. Urged the nation to remain neutral and not become involved in foreign alliances- He feared that the U.S. would get dragged into war quickly this way. Urged Americans to maintain and value a sense of national unity.

  34. 1. RAPPS Freedom of Religion, Assembly, Press, Petition, Speech 2. Right to Bear Arms 3. No Quartering of Soldiers 4. No illegal Search and Seizure 5. No Double Jeopardy, Self Incrimination, Eminent Domain, etc… 6. Speedy Public Trial, Lawyer 7. Trial by Jury 8. No Cruel/Unusual Punishment or Excessive Bail or Fines 9. Constitution is not a limited document 10. Reserved Powers The Bill of Rights (1791) – Washington’s Major Accomplishment

  35. Washington’s Death (1799) • Extremely painful – he was bled 4 times and given laxatives in an attempt to purge his body. Eventually his throat swelled shut.

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