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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Coach Biology. Chapter 1. Lessons 1-6. Chapter Intro-page 2. Section Objectives:. Distinguish benefits from studying biology. Section 1 Check. " Biology " comes from two Greek words, " bios " meaning life , and " logos " meaning study . Biology is the study of life.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1

  2. Coach Biology Chapter 1 Lessons 1-6

  3. Chapter Intro-page 2 Section Objectives: • Distinguish benefits from studying biology.

  4. Section 1 Check "Biology" comes from two Greek words, "bios" meaning life, and "logos" meaning study. Biology is the study of life.

  5. Unit Overview – pages 142-143 • To study the varietyof living things. Reasons to study biology: Life on Earth includes not only the common organisms you notice every day, but also distinctive life forms that have unusual behaviors.

  6. Reasons to study biology: 2. To develop general principles & rules to show that there is order to the world.

  7. Any Questions?

  8. Section 1 Check Question 1 How does society benefit from the study of biology?

  9. Section 1 Check Question 2 What is the origin of the term "biology"?

  10. Chapter Intro-page 2 Section Objectives: • Identify the characteristics of life.

  11. What is Life? Unit Overview – pages 142-143 What is Life? • Biologists have formulated a list of characteristics by which we can recognize living things. • Only when something has all of them can it then be considered living.

  12. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Characteristics of Living Things Anything that possesses all of the characteristics of life is known as an organism.

  13. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Characteristics of Living Things 1. Have an Orderly Structure Living things must organize chemicals into cellscells into tissues tissues into organs and organs into organ systems.

  14. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Living things are organized • When biologists search for signs of life, one of the first things they look for is structure. That’s because they know that all living things show an orderly structure, or organization.

  15. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Characteristics of Living Things 2. Produce Offspring

  16. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Living things make more living things • One of the most obvious of all the characteristics of life is reproduction, the production of offspring.

  17. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 • Reproduction is not essential for the survival of an individual organism, but it is essential for the continuation of the organism’s species. Otherwise, the species will become extinct. • A species is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature.

  18. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Characteristics of Living Things 3. Grow and Develop

  19. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Living things change during their lives • Growth results in an increase in the amount of living material and the formation of new structures. • All organisms grow, with different parts of the organism growing at different rates.

  20. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Living things change during their lives • All of the changes that take place during the life of an organism are known as its development.

  21. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Characteristics of Living Things 4. Adapt to changes in the environment

  22. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Living things adapt and evolve • Any structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factors and live to produce offspring is called an adaptation. • Adaptations are inherited from previous generations.

  23. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Living things adapt and evolve • The gradual change in a species through adaptations over time is evolution.

  24. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Characteristics of Living Things 5. Respond to Stimuli

  25. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Living things adjust to their surroundings • Anything in an organism’s external or internal environment that causes the organism to react is a stimulus. • A reaction to a stimulus is a response.

  26. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Characteristics of Living Things 6. Maintain Homeostasis • Regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for its survival is called homeostasis.

  27. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Characteristics of Living Things 7. Use Energy • Energy is the ability to cause change.

  28. What is Life? Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Living things use energy for • maintaining Metabolism (chemical interactions that provide the nutrients and energy needed to sustain life) • Digestion (breaking down food) • Circulation (transportation of materials throughout their cell or body) • Excretion (getting rid of wastes)

  29. Any Questions?

  30. Section 1 Check Question 1 What are some characteristics of living things? These plants are called Lithops from the Greek lithos, meaning “stone.” Although they don’t appear to be so, these stones are just as alive as elephants. Both species possess all of the characteristics of life.

  31. Section 1 Check Question 2 A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring is a(n) __________. A. organization B. species C. environment D. niche

  32. Section 1 Check Question 3 What is the importance of homeostasis?

  33. Section 1 Check Question 4 Which of the following is an example of an adaptation? A. the gradual change in a species over time B. changing only one condition at a time during an experiment C. possessing large eyes for efficient night vision D. all the changes that take place during the lifetime of an organism

  34. 1.2 Section Objectives – page 11 Section Objectives: • Compare different scientific methods. • Differentiate among hypothesis, theory, and principle. • Compare and contrast quantitative and qualitative information.

  35. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18 The methods biologists use • The common steps that biologists and other scientists use to gather information andanswer questions are collectively known as scientific methods. • Scientific methods usually begin with scientists identifying a problem to solve by observing the world around them.

  36. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18 The methods biologists use • A hypothesis is an explanation for a question or a problem that can be formally tested. • Hypothesizing is one of the methods most frequently used by scientists. • A hypothesis is not a random guess.

  37. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18 The methods biologists use • Eventually, the scientist may test a hypothesis by conducting an experiment. • The results of the experiment will help the scientist draw a conclusion about whether or not the hypothesis is correct.

  38. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18 Experimenting • To a scientist, an experiment is an investigation thattests a hypothesis by the process of collecting information under controlled conditions.

  39. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18 What is a controlled experiment? • Some experiments involve two groups: the control group and the experimental group. • The controlgroup is the group in which all conditions are kept the same. • The experimental group is the test group, in which all conditions are kept the same except for the single condition being tested.

  40. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18 Designing an experiment • In a controlled experiment, only onecondition is changed at a time. • The condition in an experiment that is changed is the independent variable, because it is the only variable that affects the outcome of the experiment.

  41. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18 Designing an experiment • While changing the independent variable, the scientist observes or measures a second condition that results from the change. • This condition is the dependent variable, because any changes in it depend on changes made to the independent variable.

  42. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18 Designing an experiment • Controlled experiments are most often used in laboratory settings. • However, not all investigations are controlled. • An investigation such as this, which has no control, is the type of biological investigation most often used in field work.

  43. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18 Using tools • Biologists use a variety of tools to obtain information in an investigation. • Common tools include beakers, test tubes, hot plates, petri dishes, thermometers, balances, metric rulers, and graduated cylinders.

  44. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18 Using tools • More complex tools include microscopes, centrifuges, radiation detectors, spectrophotometers, DNA analyzers, and gas chromatographs.

  45. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18 Maintaining safety • Safety is another important factor that scientists consider when carrying out investigations. Sharp Object Safety This symbol appears when a danger of cuts or punctures caused by the use of sharp objects exists. Clothing Protection Safety This symbol appears when substances used could stain or burn clothing. EyeSafetyThis symbol appears when a danger to the eyes exists. Safety goggles should be worn when this symbol appears. Chemical Safety This symbol appears when chemicals used can cause burns or are poisonous if absorbed through the skin.

  46. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18 Data gathering • Information obtained from investigations is called data. • Often, data are in numerical form. Such data is called quantitativedata.

  47. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18 Data gathering • Quantitative data may be measurements of time, temperature, length, mass, area, volume, or other factors.

  48. Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23 Quantitative information Paramecium Survival Rates • Quantitative data may be used to make a graph • or table. Number of paramecia surviving Temperature

  49. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18 Data gathering • Qualitativedata are expressed in verbal form, using words to describe observations made during an investigation. • Scientists may use binoculars, video cameras, and recorders to collect qualitative data.

  50. Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23 Qualitative information • Observational data —that is, written descriptions of what scientists observe—are often just as important in the solution of a scientific problem as numerical data.

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