3rd Grade Social Studies Chapter 3 Study Guide Old and New Communities

1. 3rd GradeSocial Studies Chapter 3 Study GuideOld and New Communities

2. The Navajo Pages 74-77. b a d c

3. 5. What skills did the Navajo learn in order to live in the desert? (2) They planted seeds deep enough to use underground water. They also learned to hunt animals in the desert.

4. 6. Look at the map.  In which state is the largest area of Navajo land? Arizona

5. 7. Where is Navajo land today? (3) In parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah in the southwestern United States

6. 8. From where do people who study Indians think the Navajo came? from the forests to the north

7. 9. In what ways does Navajo culture continue today? (3) They teach their children about how to live in the desert and about Navajo religion. Some Navajo hold ceremonies. Some also tell stories that show respect for nature.

8. 10. What makes up the Navajo culture? their beliefs ideas religion language arts stories food

9. 11. In what ways do the Navajo show that nature is important to them? (3) They thank the plants and animals that they use for food. They build hogans facing east to show respect for the sunrise. They tell stories that show respect for nature

10. 12. What are some of the ways that Navajo people earn a living today? They are farmers, sheep ranchers, engineers, miners, and teachers.

11. 13. Look at pages 78 - 79. Why is it important for the figures in the painting to be right? If figures are not made and placed just right, the power to cure a patient might fail.

12. 14.  Sand paintings may contain many colors, but what four (4) colors are always included? white blue black

13. The Yurok Pages 82-85 d c b a

14. 19. In what ways did the Yurok change their environment? they built dams, cleared trees and bushes

15. 20. Where did the Yurok live? on the northern coast of California

16. 21. What natural resources did the Yurok use for food? They used deer, salmon, berries, acorns, and seeds.

17. 22. How did the changes the Yurok made to their environment benefit the environment? The Yurok gave forest plants room to grow, and they didn't take more fish than they needed.

18. 23. What did the Yurok trade with other American Indians? They made and traded canoes.

19. 24. What did the Yurok do when they bartered? The Yurok traded an item they had for an item they wanted.

20. 25. Why do you think that the Yurok are working to protect fish in the local rivers? The Yurok want to make sure there will be enough fish for the future. Salmon and other fish are an important part of the Yurok economy today.

21. 26. Why did the Yurok trade with other American Indians? They traded in order to get things they could not make or find in their own environment.

22. 27. What did the Yurok use for money? they used special shells called tooth shells

23. Yurok Money Pages 86-87 28. Look at the chart on page 87. What items did the Yurok buy? Painted deerskin blanket Canoe Redwood house White deerskin

24. 29. What did the Yurok use to pay for these items? Toothshell Strings

25. a 30) ______ piedmont 31) ______ history 32) ______ tradition b c

26. The Cherokee Pages 88-91 33. What resources did the Cherokee use for food? They used the rich soil to grow crops such as corn, beans, squash, and pumpkins. They fished near rivers.

27. 34. How did the Cherokee use the land to get food? They hunted, farmed, fished, and gathered plants.

28. 35. How did the winter and summer houses of the Cherokee differ? The winter houses were small and round and built for warmth. The summer houses were larger, with posts and peaked roof.

29. 36. Why is writing important to history? By reading what people in the past have written, people today can learn from and remember their history.

30. 37. What did the Cherokee and European settlers fight over? land and other resources

31. 38. Why do you think the Cherokees' forced journey to Oklahoma is called the "Trail of Tears"? It was a sad, devastating event. The Cherokee were forced to leave their land, and some Cherokee died on the journey. Many tears were shed along the way.

32. 39. Who is Wilma Mankiller? She is a Cherokee who continued the Cherokee tradition of having strong leaders.

33. 40. Why did the Cherokee move to Oklahoma? When gold was found on Cherokee land, Americans unfairly forced many of the Cherokee to move west.

34. Sequoyah Pages 92-93 41. In what ways do you think Sequoyah's writing system changed the lives of the Cherokee people? By helping the communicate with each other over long distances.

35. b ______ government ______ constitution a

36. Haudenosaunee Pages 96-101 44. What did the Haudenosaunee do to prepare for the winter? They planned ahead, made warm homes and clothing, stored food, and found ways to hunt all year long.

37. 45. In which part of the United States did the Haudenosaunee live? In the northern forests.

38. 46. What jobs did the Haudenosaunee men and women have? Women grew and harvested crops. The men hunted deer, bear, and beaver.

39. 47. How were Haudenosaunee communities organized for living? 6 to 10 families belonging to the same clan lived together in longhouses. Each family had its own space but shared the fire with a family across the hall.

40. What was the purpose of the Haudenosaunee government? 49. What was the purpose of the Haudenosaunee government? The nations wanted to have peace between them. • They worked together when there were questions about war, peace, and trade.

41. 50. At first, how did the Haudenosaunee nations get along? They often fought with each other about who could hunt or farm in certain areas.

42. 52. How are Peacemaker and Hiawatha alike and different? Both Peacemaker and Hiawatha believed the Haudenosaunee should live together in peace. Peacemaker was a holy man & Hiawatha was a leader of the nations.

43. 53. What does the pattern of the Wampum belt show? The pattern shows the unity of the Five Nations.

44. 54. What does the tree in the center of the belt stand for? The tree stands for the Onondaga nation and Tree of Peace.

45. 55. What do you think the white band on the belt stands for? The band stands for the unity of the five nations.