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Alvaro Agudelo Alexander Tucker Wael Kdouh Suresh Srinivasan

Mobile IPv4. Alvaro Agudelo Alexander Tucker Wael Kdouh Suresh Srinivasan. Content. IPv4 over Stationary Environments MIPv4 overview Micro-mobility Agent Discovery Registration Mobile Node Communication Issues Low-latency handoffs Regional Registration

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Alvaro Agudelo Alexander Tucker Wael Kdouh Suresh Srinivasan

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  1. Mobile IPv4 Alvaro Agudelo Alexander Tucker Wael Kdouh Suresh Srinivasan

  2. Content • IPv4 over Stationary Environments • MIPv4 overview • Micro-mobility • Agent Discovery • Registration • Mobile Node Communication • Issues • Low-latency handoffs • Regional Registration • Dynamic HA Assignments • Security

  3. IPv4 over Stationary Environments • ARP example • ICMP example • Message Flow example

  4. ARP example Host A boots: Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 MACR1=00:00:0c:07:ac:18 A B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 IPB: 198.100.1.3 MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c

  5. ARP broadcast ARP broadcast from A. IP  MAC Router (R1) Internet 198.100.1.2  00:0b:23:78:c2:11 N1:198.100.x.x ARP caches Updated. R1IP=198.100.1.1 MACR1=00:00:0c:07:ac:18 ( arp –a ) A IP  MAC 198.100.1.2  00:0b:23:78:c2:11 B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 IPB: 198.100.1.3 MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c

  6. ARP example ARP cache entries expire IP  MAC Router (R1) Internet 198.100.1.2  00:0b:23:78:c2:11 N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 MACR1=00:00:0c:07:ac:18 A IP  MAC 198.100.1.2  00:0b:23:78:c2:11 B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 IPB: 198.100.1.3 MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c

  7. ARP example B wants to talk to A, but B does not have an entry on Its ARP cache for IPA IP  MAC Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 MACR1=00:00:0c:07:ac:18 A IP  MAC B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 IPB: 198.100.1.3 MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c

  8. ARP request ARP request from B to (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) (IPA) IP  MAC Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 MACR1=00:00:0c:07:ac:18 IP  MAC 198.100.1.3  00:10:b5:78:5b:6c A IP  MAC B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 IPB: 198.100.1.3 MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c

  9. ARP reply ARP reply from A to MACB IP  MAC Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 MACR1=00:00:0c:07:ac:18 IP  MAC 198.100.1.3  00:10:b5:78:5b:6c A IP  MAC 198.100.1.2  00:0b:23:78:c2:11 B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 IPB: 198.100.1.3 MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c

  10. ARP request Hardware Type=1 (Ethernet) Protocol Address Type=0x0800 (IPv4 Address) Hardware Address Size=6 (MAC address size) Protocol Address Size=4 (IPv4 address size) Operation: 1 (ARP request) Src MAC address: MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c Src IP address: IPB: 198.100.1.3 Dst MAC address: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Dst IP address: IPA: 198.100.1.2 ARP data Frame Header Frame Data Dst MAC address: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Src MAC address: MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c Frame Type=0x0806 (ARP frame)

  11. ARP reply Hardware Type=1 (Ethernet) Protocol Address Type=0x0800 (IPv4 Address) Hardware Address Size=6 (MAC address size) Protocol Address Size=4 (IPv4 address size) Operation: 2 (ARP reply) Src MAC address: MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 Src IP address: IPA: 198.100.1.2 Dst MAC address: MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c Dst IP address: IPB: 198.100.1.3 ARP data Frame Header Frame Data Dst MAC address: MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c Src MAC address: MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 Frame Type=0x0806 (ARP frame)

  12. ICMP example Before sending packets, A needs a default router Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 IP  NextHOP A B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 IPB: 198.100.1.3

  13. ICMP Router Advertisement Router 1 sends periodically ICMP Router Advertisements To all-systems multicast Address ( 224.0.0.1 ) or if not supported, to the limited broadcast address ( 255.255.255.255 ) Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 A B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 IPB: 198.100.1.3

  14. ICMP example Routing tables are updated Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 IP  NextHOP x  198.100.1.1 A IP  NextHOP x  198.100.1.1 B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 IPB: 198.100.1.3

  15. ICMP example Routing entries expire Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 IP  NextHOP x  198.100.1.1 A IP  NextHOP x  198.100.1.1 B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 IPB: 198.100.1.3

  16. ICMP example A needs to send packets but there is no default router (or A just booted and cannot wait for the next router advertisement) Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 IP  NextHOP A IP  NextHOP B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 IPB: 198.100.1.3

  17. ICMP Router Solicitation A sends an ICMP Router Solicitation to all-routers multicast address ( 224.0.0.2 ) or if not supported, to the limited broadcast address ( 255.255.255.255 ) Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 A B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 IPB: 198.100.1.3

  18. ICMP example R1 reads the packet and sends an ICMP Router Advertisement (Unicast) Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 IP  NextHOP x  198.100.1.1 A B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 Routing table In A is updated IPB: 198.100.1.3

  19. Router Solicitation Type=10 (Router Solicitation) Code=0 Version=4 (IPv4) TTL=1 Protocol=0x01 (ICMP) Src = IPA: 198.100.1.2 Dst = 224.0.0.2 ICMP Header ICMP Data Datagram Header All Routers group Datagram Data Frame Header Frame Data Dst MAC address: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Src MAC address: MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 Frame Type=0x0800 (IP frame)

  20. Router Advertisement Type=9 (Router Advertisement) Code=0 Number of Addresses=1 Lifetime=1800 seconds (30min) Router Address 1 = R1IP: 198.100.1.1 Preference Level 1 = p1 Version=4 (IPv4) TTL=1 Protocol=0x01 (ICMP) Src = R1IP: 198.100.1.1 Dst = 224.0.0.1 ICMP Header ICMP Data Datagram Header All Systems group Datagram Data Frame Header Frame Data Dst MAC address: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Src MAC address: MACR1=00:00:0c:07:ac:18 Frame Type=0x0800 (IP frame)

  21. Message Flow example Dst Router (R4) Router (R3) Router (R2) N3: 155.174.x.x N2: 172.16.x.x N1: 198.100.x.x Internet Router (R1) Src Sending datagrams from Src to Dst …

  22. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2 Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2

  23. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2 Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2

  24. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2 N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2

  25. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2 135.157.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2

  26. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x 135.209.x.x N2:172.16.x.x 135.157.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2

  27. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x 135.209.x.x N2:172.16.x.x 135.157.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2

  28. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x 135.209.x.x N2:172.16.x.x 135.157.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2

  29. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x 135.209.x.x N2:172.16.x.x 135.157.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2

  30. MIPv4 overview • Terminology • CCoA example • FCoA example

  31. Protocol Requirements • When MN changes its link-layer point of attachment to the Internet, it must be able to communicate with other nodes without changing its IP address • A MN must be able to communicate with other nodes that do not have mobility functions (i.e stationary hosts) • Use authentication to protect against remote redirection attacks Goals • Minimize MN’s power consumption • Minimize the number of administrative messages over MN’s link • Minimize the size of those messages

  32. Mobile IPv4 example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2

  33. Terminology Mobile Node (MN) Permanent Home Address (HoA): 172.16.2.2 Care-of Address (CoA): 155.174.3.3 Temporal Foreign Agent (FA) R3 Home Agent (HA) ForeignNetwork Home Network N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2 Corresponding Node (CN)

  34. Strategy MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CoA:155.174.3.3 R3 HA FA R3IP=155.174.3.1 FAIP=155.174.3.2 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  35. CCoA example MN Co-located care-of Address HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 R3 HA R3IP=155.174.3.1 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2 Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2

  36. CCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 Dst: CCoA : 155.174.3.3 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 HoA CoA Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2 R3 HA R3IP=155.174.3.1 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2 Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2

  37. CCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 Dst: CCoA : 155.174.3.3 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 Dst: CCoA : 155.174.3.3 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 R3 HA R3IP=155.174.3.1 Dst: CCoA : 155.174.3.3 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Protocol ID in IP header: 0x04 for IP in IP encapsulation 0x37 for Minimal encapsulation 0x2F for GRE encapsulation CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  38. CCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2 Dst: CCoA : 155.174.3.3 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 R3 HA R3IP=155.174.3.1 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  39. CCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2 R3 HA R3IP=155.174.3.1 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  40. FCoA example MN Foreign Agent care-of Address HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.2 MACMN: 00:08:02:da:4c:2d R3 HA FA R3IP=155.174.3.1 FAIP=155.174.3.2 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2 Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2

  41. FCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 Dst: FCoA : 155.174.3.2 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 MACMN: 00:08:02:da:4c:2d HoA CoA Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2 R3 HA FA R3IP=155.174.3.1 FAIP=155.174.3.2 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2 Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2

  42. FCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 Dst: FCoA : 155.174.3.2 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 MACMN: 00:08:02:da:4c:2d R3 HA FA R3IP=155.174.3.1 Dst: FCoA : 155.174.3.2 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 FAIP=155.174.3.2 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  43. FCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 MACMN: 00:08:02:da:4c:2d Dst: FCoA : 155.174.3.2 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 R3 HA FA R3IP=155.174.3.1 FAIP=155.174.3.2 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  44. FCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2 MACMN: 00:08:02:da:4c:2d Dst: FCoA : 155.174.3.2 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 HoA MAC R3 HA FA R3IP=155.174.3.1 FAIP=155.174.3.2 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  45. FCoA example MN Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2 HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 MACMN: 00:08:02:da:4c:2d R3 HA FA R3IP=155.174.3.1 FAIP=155.174.3.2 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  46. Mobile IPv4 Characteristics • Transparency: to applications, transport layer protocols, most routers • Interoperability with IPv4: no special addressing scheme • Scalability: mobility across the global Internet • Security: all messages are authenticated • Macro mobility: It is suited for long duration moves instead of fast network transitions (where link-layer handoffs are better).

  47. Micro-Mobility • Wireless Links • Handoff example • Operating Rates

  48. Wireless Links Cellular technologies offer Micro-Mobility which can handle fast switching between network access points. SGSN Base Station

  49. Handoff example

  50. Operating Rates A large scale mobile network can be realized by building MIP on top of a cellular technology. Operating rates for wireless links: GPRS (2.5 G) : 170 kbps EDGE (2.5 G) : 384 kbps WCDMA (3G) : 2 Mbps Operating rates for other underlying network technologies: Ethernet (10 Base S, 10 Base 2, 10 Base T) : 10 Mbps Fast Ethernet (100 Base T) : 100 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Base T) : 1 Gbps FDDI : 100 Mbps

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