1 / 187

Alvaro Agudelo Alexander Tucker Wael Kdouh Suresh Srinivasan

Mobile IPv4. Alvaro Agudelo Alexander Tucker Wael Kdouh Suresh Srinivasan. Content. IPv4 over Stationary Environments MIPv4 overview Micro-mobility Agent Discovery Registration Mobile Node Communication Issues Low-latency handoffs Regional Registration

isla
Download Presentation

Alvaro Agudelo Alexander Tucker Wael Kdouh Suresh Srinivasan

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Mobile IPv4 Alvaro Agudelo Alexander Tucker Wael Kdouh Suresh Srinivasan

  2. Content • IPv4 over Stationary Environments • MIPv4 overview • Micro-mobility • Agent Discovery • Registration • Mobile Node Communication • Issues • Low-latency handoffs • Regional Registration • Dynamic HA Assignments • Security

  3. IPv4 over Stationary Environments • ARP example • ICMP example • Message Flow example

  4. ARP example Host A boots: Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 MACR1=00:00:0c:07:ac:18 A B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 IPB: 198.100.1.3 MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c

  5. ARP broadcast ARP broadcast from A. IP  MAC Router (R1) Internet 198.100.1.2  00:0b:23:78:c2:11 N1:198.100.x.x ARP caches Updated. R1IP=198.100.1.1 MACR1=00:00:0c:07:ac:18 ( arp –a ) A IP  MAC 198.100.1.2  00:0b:23:78:c2:11 B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 IPB: 198.100.1.3 MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c

  6. ARP example ARP cache entries expire IP  MAC Router (R1) Internet 198.100.1.2  00:0b:23:78:c2:11 N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 MACR1=00:00:0c:07:ac:18 A IP  MAC 198.100.1.2  00:0b:23:78:c2:11 B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 IPB: 198.100.1.3 MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c

  7. ARP example B wants to talk to A, but B does not have an entry on Its ARP cache for IPA IP  MAC Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 MACR1=00:00:0c:07:ac:18 A IP  MAC B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 IPB: 198.100.1.3 MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c

  8. ARP request ARP request from B to (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) (IPA) IP  MAC Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 MACR1=00:00:0c:07:ac:18 IP  MAC 198.100.1.3  00:10:b5:78:5b:6c A IP  MAC B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 IPB: 198.100.1.3 MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c

  9. ARP reply ARP reply from A to MACB IP  MAC Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 MACR1=00:00:0c:07:ac:18 IP  MAC 198.100.1.3  00:10:b5:78:5b:6c A IP  MAC 198.100.1.2  00:0b:23:78:c2:11 B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 IPB: 198.100.1.3 MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c

  10. ARP request Hardware Type=1 (Ethernet) Protocol Address Type=0x0800 (IPv4 Address) Hardware Address Size=6 (MAC address size) Protocol Address Size=4 (IPv4 address size) Operation: 1 (ARP request) Src MAC address: MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c Src IP address: IPB: 198.100.1.3 Dst MAC address: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Dst IP address: IPA: 198.100.1.2 ARP data Frame Header Frame Data Dst MAC address: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Src MAC address: MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c Frame Type=0x0806 (ARP frame)

  11. ARP reply Hardware Type=1 (Ethernet) Protocol Address Type=0x0800 (IPv4 Address) Hardware Address Size=6 (MAC address size) Protocol Address Size=4 (IPv4 address size) Operation: 2 (ARP reply) Src MAC address: MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 Src IP address: IPA: 198.100.1.2 Dst MAC address: MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c Dst IP address: IPB: 198.100.1.3 ARP data Frame Header Frame Data Dst MAC address: MACB=00:10:b5:78:5b:6c Src MAC address: MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 Frame Type=0x0806 (ARP frame)

  12. ICMP example Before sending packets, A needs a default router Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 IP  NextHOP A B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 IPB: 198.100.1.3

  13. ICMP Router Advertisement Router 1 sends periodically ICMP Router Advertisements To all-systems multicast Address ( 224.0.0.1 ) or if not supported, to the limited broadcast address ( 255.255.255.255 ) Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 A B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 IPB: 198.100.1.3

  14. ICMP example Routing tables are updated Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 IP  NextHOP x  198.100.1.1 A IP  NextHOP x  198.100.1.1 B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 IPB: 198.100.1.3

  15. ICMP example Routing entries expire Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 IP  NextHOP x  198.100.1.1 A IP  NextHOP x  198.100.1.1 B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 IPB: 198.100.1.3

  16. ICMP example A needs to send packets but there is no default router (or A just booted and cannot wait for the next router advertisement) Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 IP  NextHOP A IP  NextHOP B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 IPB: 198.100.1.3

  17. ICMP Router Solicitation A sends an ICMP Router Solicitation to all-routers multicast address ( 224.0.0.2 ) or if not supported, to the limited broadcast address ( 255.255.255.255 ) Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 A B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 IPB: 198.100.1.3

  18. ICMP example R1 reads the packet and sends an ICMP Router Advertisement (Unicast) Router (R1) Internet N1:198.100.x.x R1IP=198.100.1.1 IP  NextHOP x  198.100.1.1 A B CN IPA: 198.100.1.2 Routing table In A is updated IPB: 198.100.1.3

  19. Router Solicitation Type=10 (Router Solicitation) Code=0 Version=4 (IPv4) TTL=1 Protocol=0x01 (ICMP) Src = IPA: 198.100.1.2 Dst = 224.0.0.2 ICMP Header ICMP Data Datagram Header All Routers group Datagram Data Frame Header Frame Data Dst MAC address: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Src MAC address: MACA=00:0b:23:78:c2:11 Frame Type=0x0800 (IP frame)

  20. Router Advertisement Type=9 (Router Advertisement) Code=0 Number of Addresses=1 Lifetime=1800 seconds (30min) Router Address 1 = R1IP: 198.100.1.1 Preference Level 1 = p1 Version=4 (IPv4) TTL=1 Protocol=0x01 (ICMP) Src = R1IP: 198.100.1.1 Dst = 224.0.0.1 ICMP Header ICMP Data Datagram Header All Systems group Datagram Data Frame Header Frame Data Dst MAC address: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Src MAC address: MACR1=00:00:0c:07:ac:18 Frame Type=0x0800 (IP frame)

  21. Message Flow example Dst Router (R4) Router (R3) Router (R2) N3: 155.174.x.x N2: 172.16.x.x N1: 198.100.x.x Internet Router (R1) Src Sending datagrams from Src to Dst …

  22. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2 Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2

  23. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2 Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2

  24. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2 N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2

  25. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2 135.157.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2

  26. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x 135.209.x.x N2:172.16.x.x 135.157.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2

  27. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x 135.209.x.x N2:172.16.x.x 135.157.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2

  28. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x 135.209.x.x N2:172.16.x.x 135.157.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2

  29. Message Flow example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Dst: DstIP: 172.16.2.2 Src: SrcIP : 198.100.1.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x 135.209.x.x N2:172.16.x.x 135.157.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2

  30. MIPv4 overview • Terminology • CCoA example • FCoA example

  31. Protocol Requirements • When MN changes its link-layer point of attachment to the Internet, it must be able to communicate with other nodes without changing its IP address • A MN must be able to communicate with other nodes that do not have mobility functions (i.e stationary hosts) • Use authentication to protect against remote redirection attacks Goals • Minimize MN’s power consumption • Minimize the number of administrative messages over MN’s link • Minimize the size of those messages

  32. Mobile IPv4 example Dst DstIP: 172.16.2.2 R4 R3 R2 R3IP=155.174.3.1 R2IP=172.16.2.1 R4IP=155.174.3.2 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Src CN SrcIP: 198.100.1.2

  33. Terminology Mobile Node (MN) Permanent Home Address (HoA): 172.16.2.2 Care-of Address (CoA): 155.174.3.3 Temporal Foreign Agent (FA) R3 Home Agent (HA) ForeignNetwork Home Network N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2 Corresponding Node (CN)

  34. Strategy MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CoA:155.174.3.3 R3 HA FA R3IP=155.174.3.1 FAIP=155.174.3.2 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  35. CCoA example MN Co-located care-of Address HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 R3 HA R3IP=155.174.3.1 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2 Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2

  36. CCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 Dst: CCoA : 155.174.3.3 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 HoA CoA Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2 R3 HA R3IP=155.174.3.1 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2 Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2

  37. CCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 Dst: CCoA : 155.174.3.3 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 Dst: CCoA : 155.174.3.3 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 R3 HA R3IP=155.174.3.1 Dst: CCoA : 155.174.3.3 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 Protocol ID in IP header: 0x04 for IP in IP encapsulation 0x37 for Minimal encapsulation 0x2F for GRE encapsulation CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  38. CCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2 Dst: CCoA : 155.174.3.3 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 R3 HA R3IP=155.174.3.1 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  39. CCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2 R3 HA R3IP=155.174.3.1 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  40. FCoA example MN Foreign Agent care-of Address HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.2 MACMN: 00:08:02:da:4c:2d R3 HA FA R3IP=155.174.3.1 FAIP=155.174.3.2 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2 Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2

  41. FCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 Dst: FCoA : 155.174.3.2 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 MACMN: 00:08:02:da:4c:2d HoA CoA Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2 R3 HA FA R3IP=155.174.3.1 FAIP=155.174.3.2 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2 Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2

  42. FCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 Dst: FCoA : 155.174.3.2 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 MACMN: 00:08:02:da:4c:2d R3 HA FA R3IP=155.174.3.1 Dst: FCoA : 155.174.3.2 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 FAIP=155.174.3.2 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  43. FCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 MACMN: 00:08:02:da:4c:2d Dst: FCoA : 155.174.3.2 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 R3 HA FA R3IP=155.174.3.1 FAIP=155.174.3.2 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  44. FCoA example MN HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2 MACMN: 00:08:02:da:4c:2d Dst: FCoA : 155.174.3.2 Src: HAIP : 172.16.2.1 HoA MAC R3 HA FA R3IP=155.174.3.1 FAIP=155.174.3.2 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  45. FCoA example MN Dst: HoA: 172.16.2.2 Src: CNIP : 198.100.1.2 HoA:172.16.2.2 CCoA:155.174.3.3 MACMN: 00:08:02:da:4c:2d R3 HA FA R3IP=155.174.3.1 FAIP=155.174.3.2 HAIP=172.16.2.1 N3: 155.174.x.x N2:172.16.x.x N1:198.100.x.x Internet R1 R1IP=198.100.1.1 CN CN CNIP: 198.100.1.2

  46. Mobile IPv4 Characteristics • Transparency: to applications, transport layer protocols, most routers • Interoperability with IPv4: no special addressing scheme • Scalability: mobility across the global Internet • Security: all messages are authenticated • Macro mobility: It is suited for long duration moves instead of fast network transitions (where link-layer handoffs are better).

  47. Micro-Mobility • Wireless Links • Handoff example • Operating Rates

  48. Wireless Links Cellular technologies offer Micro-Mobility which can handle fast switching between network access points. SGSN Base Station

  49. Handoff example

  50. Operating Rates A large scale mobile network can be realized by building MIP on top of a cellular technology. Operating rates for wireless links: GPRS (2.5 G) : 170 kbps EDGE (2.5 G) : 384 kbps WCDMA (3G) : 2 Mbps Operating rates for other underlying network technologies: Ethernet (10 Base S, 10 Base 2, 10 Base T) : 10 Mbps Fast Ethernet (100 Base T) : 100 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Base T) : 1 Gbps FDDI : 100 Mbps

More Related