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Byzantine Empire and Islam

Unit 4 & 5 . Byzantine Empire and Islam. Byzantine Empire (330-1453). Constantine moves capital to Constantinople --located on land route between Europe and Asia --will go on to last for another 1,000 years. Byzantine Religion. United by their own form of Christianity—Eastern Orthodox

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Byzantine Empire and Islam

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  1. Unit 4 & 5 Byzantine Empire and Islam

  2. Byzantine Empire (330-1453) • Constantine moves capital to Constantinople --located on land route between Europe and Asia --will go on to last for another 1,000 years

  3. Byzantine Religion • United by their own form of Christianity—Eastern Orthodox • Schism--EO did not recognize the pope in Rome as head of the Church, had their own patriarch in Constantinople & along with emperor they control church • --used icons (images of Jesus and the Saints) to decorate Church’s, spread influence

  4. Byzantine Culture • Byzantine culture was a mix of Roman, Greek, Christian, and Middle Eastern cultures • Constantinople major trade center (Spices & Silk—East, Furs—Russia) • Church of Hagia Sophia, icons, mosaics spread Byzantine influence

  5. Justinian • powerful emperor with strong central govt and single set of laws --used taxes to support a large standing army and conquer much of old empire --required all people to belong to Eastern Orthodox church Justinian’s Code --comprehensive legal code using all Roman and religious laws --basis for European law codes in the future

  6. Decline of Byzantine Empire • Continuous Battles with Slavs, Persians and Muslims leads to loss of outer territory • 1071 Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantine Army, empire begins to be attacked on all sides • In 1453 Constantinople conquered by Ottoman Turks

  7. Influence on Russia • Contact with Russia begins due to trade with Constantinople • Russians adopt Byzantine culture such as Orthodox Christianity (many in eastern Europe convert to Christianity),alphabet, products, and architecture

  8. Byzantine Legacy • Preservation of Ancient Cultures—saved heritage of classical civilization (Greek philosophy & science, Roman engineering, ancient texts) • Code of Justinian—consolidate roman laws into one code, guide for later western legal systems

  9. Islam Unit 5 Pre-AP World History

  10. Rise of Islam • Due to war in the area, trade is rerouted to different land and sea routes • Cities rise up to meet new routes, one of these was Mecca or Makkah • Mecca becomes the starting point of a new religion Islam (submission to the will of god)

  11. Mohammed: The Prophet of Islam • Islam is founded by Muhammed * has a vision the Angel Gabriel commands him to convert the Arab tribes to believe in one God (Allah) • Muhammed flees to city of Medina (marks the beginning of Muslim calendar), raises an army to retake Mecca and wage holy war or jihad • Two years after victory he dies, by this time most tribes in Arabia had converted to Islam

  12. The Quran (Koran) • The Holy Book of Islam, believe that it is the words that God revealed to Mohammed • Has 114 chapters that cover forms of worship, conduct, treatment of women • Fundamental doctrine:”There is no God but Allah, and Muhammed is his prophet

  13. The Five Pillars of Islam • Muslims worship god directly (no clergy) Five Pillars of Islam (basic religious duties that all Muslims must fulfill to strengthen faith) --Confession of Faith (No God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet) --Prayer (must face east toward Mecca and pray 5 times a day) --Charity (give money to the poor & mosque) --Fasting (Ramadan—no food or drink during daylight) --Pilgrimage (must make religious trip to Mecca)

  14. Islam spreads • Islam unites Arab tribes with religion and new language (Arabic) • Begin “holy war” vs non-believers take over territory from Indus valley to Europe • Halted at Battle of Tours in Spain

  15. The Caliphates • Caliphs—Muslim leader who succeeds Muhammed • Division of Islam Most Muslims (Sunnis) follow Umayyad Caliph, a small group (Shiites) only agree to follow descendants of Mohammed

  16. The Caliphates • Umayyad Caliph—expansion through war • Abbasid Caliph—expansion through trade • As Islam expands caliphs enslave or convert people to Islam --Eventually all people are treated equally, Jews and Christians are permitted to self-govern themselves but had to pay tax

  17. Golden age of Muslim Culture • Arabs absorbed culture of Rome, Greece, Persians, Jews & Byzantines • Empire became large trading area for goods from Asia, Africa, and Europe • Arabic becomes the common language of the empire • Seljuk Turks and Crusades lead to decline of Empire

  18. Arab Cultural Achievements • Math—Arab scholars develop Arabic numerals & advance geometry & algebra • Arts & Crafts—forbid images of god or people, focused on design and creation of textiles, rugs and leather • Medicine—detailed study of anatomy, diagnosis of several diseases • Architecture—built palaces and mosques

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