The Progressive Era

1. The Progressive Era THE PROGRESSIVE ERA AMERICA SEEKS REFORMS IN THE EARLY 20 TH CENTURY TSW identify the goals of the Progressives ADB completing list of reform measures and the impact of each reform

2. Origins and goals of PROGRESSIVES – To improve working conditions, rights for women and children, economic reform, environmental issues and social welfare were a few of the issues. Influenced by the Social Gospel of the Gilded Age. • The Social Gospel movement is a Protestant Christian movement that was most prominent in the early 20th century United States. The movement applied Christian ethics to social problems. • The Progressive movement eventually impacted all levels of society and government.

3. Muckrakers • Wrote the Jungle • Progressive journalists exposed dangerous working conditions • Unsanitary procedures in the meat packing industry • Lead to the passing of the Meat Inspection Act and The Pure Food and Drug Act.

4. Jacob Riis • Muckracker • “How the other half lives” • Exposed living conditions of the poor • Led to building codes and laws to promote health and safety.

5. Thomas Nast • American cartoonist, muckraker, best known for his attack on the political machine of William M. Tweed in New York City in the 1870s.

6. Ida Tarbell • Muckraker who exposed the John D Rockefeller Standard Oil Company. • Her father lost his oil business and went bankrupt and fathers partner committed suicide, her mission was to expose it. • Began publishing in a reformer magazine called McClure’s

7. Labor Unions • AFL- American Federation of Labor led by Samuel Gompers in working with business owners for workers gain. • Union workers supported the “closed shop” which meant a workplace where the employer only hires a union member. • Many employers favored an “open shop” where they hired nonunion workers. • IWW- Industrial Workers of the World included unskilled workers, African Americans, Hispanics and women. Members were called Wobblies

8. Susan B Anthony • Abolitionist • Educational reformer • Better pay for teachers, equal education for all races • Women’s suffrage • Temperance movement • Drunkedness effects families

9. Limits of Progressivism • Most progressives were not concerned about the discrimination and prejudices to blacks and Native Americans. • Many progressives openly expressed racial sentiments against blacks and Native Americans.

10. WEB Dubois • Co-Founder of the NAACP with Jane Addams • Focused on educating African Americans. Education would bring equality. • NAACP magazine The Crisis editor, where he wrote about cases of inequality

11. William Jennings Bryan • Attacked banks and trusts • Anti- Imperialist • Supported Prohibition • Attacked evolution (Scopes Trial) for teaching it

12. Ida B Wells • Joined the NAACP • Fought for anti-lynching legislation • Fought for punishment for person or groups “mobs” that lynched blacks.

13. Jane Addams • Pioneered the field of social work. • Founded the Settlement House Movement through the Hull House in Chicago to improve housing conditions and living conditions.

14. Alice Paul • Equal rights for women • Men and women equal partners • Women’s suffrage activist • Jailed 3 times, went on hunger strikes • Resulted in 19th amendment

15. Margret Sanger • Educated urban poor about the family planning through birth control • Founded the organization Planned Parenthood.

16. Exit ticket • Give me your top 3 Progressives and why?

17. 3 Governors • Theodore Roosevelt-NY • Robert Lafollete-WIS • Woodrow Wilson-NJ • Passed important legislation: • Secret ballot • Initiative • Referendum • Recall • Direct primary • Privacy at the ballot box ensures that citizens can cast votes without party bosses knowing how they voted. • Allows voters to petition state legislatures in order to consider a bill desired by citizens. • Allows voters to decide if a bill or proposed amendment should be passed. • Allows voters to petition to have an elected representative removed from office. • Ensures that voters select candidates to run for office, rather than party bosses.

18. Progressive Amendments • 16th Congress the power to tax income • 17th Direct election of senators by the people of each state • 18th Prohibition (manufacture, sell, and transportation of alcohol) • 19th Women suffrage