1 / 13

The Toulmin Model

The Toulmin Model. Who was Stephen Toulmin ?. March 1922 – December 2009 Author, Educator, Philosopher Created theories to deal with practical issues using moral reasoning. Developed a system to break down any type of arguments and the assumptions that surround it.

anthea
Download Presentation

The Toulmin Model

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. The Toulmin Model

  2. Who was Stephen Toulmin? • March 1922 – December 2009 • Author, Educator, Philosopher • Created theories to deal with practical issues using moral reasoning. • Developed a system to break down any type of arguments and the assumptions that surround it. • Toulmin has influenced philosophy, rhetoric, and computer science.

  3. The Toulmin Model Structure

  4. Claim Definition of Claim: An assertion usually supported with evidence. Usually includes a support, refute, or qualify statement. Example: Cell phones are a distraction in school.

  5. Grounds(Evidence) • Definition of Grounds: Evidence provided to bolster the claim and support the warrant. • Backing: In 2010, cell phone violations were the second most disciplined offense at Crestwood High School.

  6. Warrant (Rule) • Definition of Warrant: the implied statement that creates a logical connection between the claim and the evidence; the warrant explains how the evidence supports the claim • Example: Even though cell phones are banned from school, it is assumed all students carry a cell phone with them.

  7. Backing • Definition of Backing: support or explanation for the warrants, often characterized by the word “because”; backing is the kind of evidence needed • Example: Even though cell phones are banned from school, it is assumed all students carry a cell phone with them because their parents want to be able to reach them.

  8. Rebuttal (Counter argument) • Definition of Rebuttal:an answer that challenges or refutes a claim. Rebuttals may also be offered by writers who anticipate objections to the claims or evidence they offer. • Rebuttal Example: Parents may argue all students should carry cell phones with them in case of an emergency.

  9. Qualifier • Definition of Qualifier: A word, or phrase, that limits the scope of a claim: (Probably, Usually, Sometimes, In most cases, etc.) • Qualifier: In most cases, it is highly unlikely an emergency will happen in school. Furthermore, the school could always contact parents making a phone call using a land line.

  10. Create a Toulmin Model on your own Qualifier – specific limits to you claim or warrant. Grounds – reasons or evidence that supports the claim. Claim – The position or claim being argued for. Warrant – implied or stated principle that connects the grounds to the claim. Rebuttal – counter arguments to the claim or warrant

  11. Paperless School Scenario • State a Claim, the Grounds, and a Warrantsupporting, refuting, or qualifying a CHS School Board initiative requiring all students to submit papers online or receive a detention.

  12. Paperless School Scenario cont’d • Claim: Students should not be required to submit paper online because some families do not have computers and it would cause an undo financial burden for those families. • Grounds (Evidence): The average computer costs over $500 and would be unaffordable to many families • Warrant (Rule): As a rule, families with children preparing to enter college do not have supplemental funds for large purchases, such as computers.

  13. Please write a Paraphrase of the ToulminModel of Argumentaion

More Related