An Emerging New Nation

1. An Emerging New Nation Chapters 7, 8 and 9

2. Advancing the Culture of the New Nation • Increased prosperity meant that more Americans had the time to devote themselves to scholarship and art. • Education • A way to develop a rich and uniquely American culture. • Public schools few state governments provided • Republican Virtues • Virtues that the American people would need to govern themselves Americans Self-reliance, hard work, frugality, harmony, and sacrificing individual needs for the common good. • Women set the standard

3. Social Changes • Population Growth • 1780, about 2.7 million people lived in 13 states • 1830, about 12 million people lived in 24 states. High Birth Rate • The American population was young. • Mobility • The United States was (and remains) a mobile society • Sought opportunity by moving west. • Meant that people often lived in the company of strangers • New Rules for Courtship and Marriage • More effort into choosing the right marriage partner. Preferred a long period of courtship • Marriage was a matter of survival for many women

4. Religious Renewal • The Second Great Awakening, the powerful religious movement • The revival, also called a camp meeting • The revival movement brought women increased power. • Baptists, Methodists, Unitarians, Mormons, and Millennialists. • African American Worship

5. Trails West • Crossing the Appalachians • Forcing Native Americans West • Expanding Into Florida • The Seminole Wars • The Adams-Onís Treaty • Bound for the Pacific • Manifest destiny, or obvious or undeniable fate • Mountain men began trading with these Native Americans in the late 1700s. • Oregon Trail • Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe, New Mexico.

6. Manifest Destiny

7. Manifest Destiny • 1821 – Mexico wins its independence from Spain • 1821 – Steve Austin leads 300 settlers from Missouri to Texas • Good Catholics • Mexican citizens • 1830 – More Americans than Mexicans in Texas

8. Why was the US reluctant to annex Texas? • Northerners opposed adding an additional slave state • Did not want to antagonize Mexico • Not ready to risk war

9. An Expanding Economy • Market Revolution - changed the ways in which Americans made, bought, and sold goods dramatically. • Industrialization • Manufacturing • factory system • Specialization • Rise in shopping • Rise of Unions

10. The Banking Industry Provided investment capital, money that a business spends in hopes of future gains. Uncontrolled Lending and Bank Notes Bad Loans The economy experienced wild booms followed by panics. Panics in the 1830s disrupted the economy well into the 1840s. The Role of Banks

11. Nationalism • National interests ahead of regional concerns • Foreign policy should be guided by national self-interests • Competed with concepts of states’ rights and regional interests

12. Nationalism (Domestic Affairs) • Supreme Court Cases • What are they? • Expanded the power of the federal government • Contracts - Dartmouth College v. Woodward • Implied power - McCulloch v. Maryland • Interstate trade - Gibbons v. Ogden • The American System • Economic development • Tariffs

13. Monroe Doctrine 1823 • Became a corner stone of American Foreign Policy What warning is given to the European countries? What foreign policy principles are established? Monroe Doctrine No future colonization of American continents The US would not interfere in European events The US would see such actions “dangerous to our peace and safety • Other Doctrines? • Truman Doctrine • Eisenhower Doctrine • Bush Doctrine

14. Election of 1824 • First election w/o a Revolutionary War leader • Clay, Adams, (National Republicans) Jackson (Jacksonian Democrats) • No candidate won a majority – Jackson had the most • House decided the election – went w/ Adams • Jackson supporters were angry – corrupt bargin

15. Election of 1828 • Jackson wins by a large margin • Jackson’s inauguration • Jacksonian Democracy • Changes in those allowed to vote • Dropped property requirements • Spoils system (patronage) • Government jobs to supporters and friends • Limited government

16. Tariff Crisis - 1828 • Heavy tax on imports designed to boost American manufacturing • Who benefited? Who was hurt? • South Carolina and nullification – States rights – threatens to secede • Compromise ends the crisis

17. Bank of the United States • Private Organization • Stock holders foreign and domestics • A for-profit organization (interest) • Who benefited? Who was hurt? • US government used it as a place of deposit and for loans • Constitutional? • Competing Interests • North v. South • Farmer v. merchant • Federalists v. Jacksonian Democrats • Suspicious of banks • Jackson favored small, state banks – “pet banks”

18. The Indian Crisis • 1820s – Cotton farmers wanted to move into Indian lands • 1830 – Indian Removal Act authorized Jackson to give Native Americans land in parts of the Louisiana Purchase • Some went peacefully – others resisted • Trail of Tears

19. Slavery • Abolition • Emancipation • Colonization of Liberia • Radical vs. gradual emancipation • North • Race issues • Economic issues • South • Social pressure • Resistance to Northern efforts • Gag Rule