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ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, AND MIXTURES

ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, AND MIXTURES. A Meteorite may travel 400 M km to reach Earth. BUT, the particles of iron in a meteorite, a steel spoon and braces are all alike!. Elements, the Simplest Substances.

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ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, AND MIXTURES

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  1. ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, AND MIXTURES A Meteorite may travel 400 M km to reach Earth. BUT, the particles of iron in a meteorite, a steel spoon and braces are all alike!

  2. Elements, the Simplest Substances • Element: a pure substance that CANNOT be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means. • Examples: Iron, Gold, Mercury, Nickel, Cobalt.

  3. Elements, the Simplest Substances • A pure substance: contains only ONE TYPE of particle. • These particles are called ATOMS! • Example: Every atoms in a 5 g nugget of gold is like every other atom of gold!

  4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Boiling Point Melting Point Density Texture Color CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Reactivity with Acid Flammable Properties of Elements

  5. Identifying Elements by Their Properties • Elements can be identified by their properties. • Example: Look on page 57 – Figure 2. What element has a Melting Point of 1,535 degrees Celsius and combines slowly with O in the air? • ANSWER:_________________

  6. Classifying Elements by Their Properties • Elements are grouped into categories by the properties they share. • 3 Major Categories: • METALS: Shiny, good conductors • NONMETALS: Dull, poor conductors • METALLOIDS: Have properties of both metals and nonmetals! 

  7. Compounds • Compounds: 2 or more elements that are CHEMICALLY combined! • They combine through a chemical reaction. • In Figure 1: page 60 – Mg + O = MgO • Magnesium Oxide (MgO) is a NEW substance with different characteristics!

  8. Examples of Compounds • Table Salt: NaCl • Water: H2O • Vinegar: CH3COOH • Carbon Dioxide: CO2 • Baking Soda: NaHCO3 • Sugar: C12H22O11

  9. COMPOUNDS Salt: a safe seasoning for you to eat. ELEMENTS Sodium: soft, silvery white metal that reacts violently with water. Chlorine: poisonous, greenish yellow gas Compounds vs Elements

  10. Breaking Down Compounds • Compounds can be broken down into elements or simpler compounds. • HOW??? – By Chemical Changes! • Example: Carbonic Acid (gives soda “fizz”) breaks down into Carbon Dioxide and Water just when you open a soda. • Carbon Dioxide and Water can be broken down by chemical changes.

  11. MIXTURES • Mixture: a combination of two or more substances that are NOT chemically combined. • NO chemical change happens when a mixture is made. • EX: Pizza, Chex Mix, Lucky Charms, Salad.

  12. Solutions • Solutions: a mixture that appears to be a single substance. It is composed of particles of two or more substances. • SOLUTE + SOLVENT = SOLUTION • Is Dissolved + Dissolves It • Hot Cocoa Mix + Water = Hot Cocoa

  13. Concentration of Solutions • Concentration: a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. • Concentrated: TOO much solute • Dilute: TOO little solute

  14. Suspensions • Suspension: a mixture in which particles of a material are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas but are large enough to settle out.

  15. Colloids • Colloid: a mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out. • The particles in a colloid are much smaller than in a suspension. • Examples: Milk, Mayonnaise, Stick Deodorant, and Jello

  16. I Can Statements… • I can tell you that an element is… • I can tell you that a compound is… • I can tell you that a solution is… • I can tell you that a suspension is… • I can tell you that a colloid is…

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