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Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Elements, Compounds and Mixtures. Pure Substances: Elements and Compounds. Matter. Mixture. Pure Substance. Classification of Matter Chart. Homogeneous Mixture. Element. Compound. Heterogeneous Mixture. Pure Substance. Substance made of one material and has definite properties

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Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

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  1. Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

  2. Pure Substances:Elements and Compounds

  3. Matter Mixture Pure Substance Classification of Matter Chart Homogeneous Mixture Element Compound Heterogeneous Mixture

  4. Pure Substance • Substance made of one material and has definite properties • Particles of a substance are all alike • Same throughout

  5. Elements Compound Pure Substance • Simplest form of a pure substance • Cannot be changed into a simpler substance by any chemical process • Found on periodic table

  6. Elements Compound Pure Substance • Atom • Smallest particle of an element • Basic building block of matter

  7. Pure Substance Element Compound • Pure substances made of more than one element • 2 or more elements chemically combined

  8. Two Elements Sodium: extremely explosive when it comes in contact with water Chlorine: a poisonous gas Combine to form…

  9. … Sodium Chloride Salt!  We put it on our french fries!

  10. Pure Substance Element Compound • Compounds are made of molecules • Molecule: two or more atoms bonded together • Every water molecule is exactly the same • 2 Hydrogens bonded to 1 Oxygen

  11. Compounds … continued • Not always 2 different atoms bonded together • Oxygen = element • Oxygen that we breathe is a molecule • O2

  12. Mixture • Matter that consists of two or more substances mixed together, but NOT chemically combined • Substances that make up a mixture can be present in varying quantities • Can be separated by physical means • Methods used to separate a mixture are based on the properties of its components

  13. Types of Mixtures

  14. Heterogeneous Mixture • A mixture that does NOT appear to be the same throughout • “least mixed” of all mixtures

  15. Homogeneous Mixtures • A mixture that appears to be the same throughout • “Well mixed” mixture • Does NOT separate upon standing

  16. Colloid • A homogeneous-looking mixture in which the particles are mixed together, but NOT dissolved • Has some characteristics of homogeneous mixtures (particles are evenly spread throughout) and some characteristics of heterogeneous mixtures (particles are not actually dissolved)

  17. Colloid (refer to fig 4-9 on p. 92) • Actually falls somewhere between a solution (homogeneous mixture) and a suspension (heterogeneous mixture) • Particles are kept permanently suspended • Particles are relatively large • Will NOT separate upon standing • Examples: mayonnaise, toothpaste, milk, fog

  18. Alloys • Homogeneous solutions of metals • Solid Solution • Often used in jewelry • Example – brass: alloy of copper and zinc, Gold jewelry is an alloy of gold and copper

  19. Solution • Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances • “best mixed” mixture • Composed of solute and solvent

  20. Solute • Substance that is dissolved • Substance that there is less of • Example: salt is the solute in salt water solution

  21. Solvent • Substance that does the dissolving • Substance that there is more of • Example: water is the solvent in salt water solution • Since water is used as the solvent most often, it is called the “universal solvent”

  22. Characteristics of a Solution • Composed of a solvent and solute • Particles are NOT large enough to be seen • Does NOT scatter light • Properties are evenly spread out (for example: color, taste, odor, etc.) • Types of solutions: Fig. 4-12, p. 94

  23. Elements Compounds Mixtures Made up of only one kind of atom Made up for more than one atom Made up of more than one kind of molecule Cannot be broken down by chemical means Can be broken down by chemical means Can be separated by physical means Has the same properties as the atoms making it up Has different properties from the elements making it up Has same properties as the substances making it up Has the same properties throughout Has the same properties throughout Has different properties throughout Properties of Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

  24. Identify the following with as many terms as apply: • Table Salt • Brass • Iron • Trail Mix • Gold • Water • Sugar • Mayonnaise • Fog • Tacos Homogeneous Mixture Element Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Colloid Alloy Solution

  25. Answers • Table Salt – compound • Brass – homogeneous mixture, alloy • Iron – element • Trail Mix – heterogeneous mixture • Gold – element • Water – compound • Sugar – compound • Mayonnaise – homogeneous mixture, colloid • Fog – homogeneous mixture, colloid • Tacos – heterogeneous mixture

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