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DSEP CONFERENCE 16-17 DECEMBER, 2013

DSEP CONFERENCE 16-17 DECEMBER, 2013 AN EXPLORATION OF ATHLETES’ PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF ACTIVE VIDEO GAMES IN RELATION TO REHABILITATION FROM SPORTS INJURY Andrew J. Manley, James Wallace Leeds Metropolitan University, UK Monna Arvinen -Barrow University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA.

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DSEP CONFERENCE 16-17 DECEMBER, 2013

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  1. DSEP CONFERENCE 16-17 DECEMBER, 2013 AN EXPLORATION OF ATHLETES’ PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF ACTIVE VIDEO GAMES IN RELATION TO REHABILITATION FROM SPORTS INJURY Andrew J. Manley, James Wallace Leeds Metropolitan University, UK MonnaArvinen-Barrow University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA

  2. PRESENTATION OVERVIEW Existing evidence for “Wii-habilitation” Aim of the present study Method and Results Conclusions, implications and future directions DSEP CONFERENCE 16 DECEMBER, 2013

  3. EXISTING EVIDENCE FOR “WII-HABILITATION” Some initial examination (mainly case studies) of Active Video Games (AVGs) as a means of rehabilitation... • Balance • Lower-limb muscle strength • Poor Control • High attrition • Nitz et al. (2010). Climacteric, 13, 487-491. DSEP CONFERENCE 16 DECEMBER, 2013

  4. EXISTING EVIDENCE FOR “WII-HABILITATION” Some initial examination (mainly case studies) of Active Video Games (AVGs) as a means of rehabilitation...    http://interactivemultimediatechnology.blogspot.co.uk/2009/12/i-love-wii.html • Taylor et al. (2011). J. Rehab. Res. Dev., 48, 1171-1186. DSEP CONFERENCE 16 DECEMBER, 2013

  5. EXISTING EVIDENCE FOR “WII-HABILITATION” Some initial examination (mainly case studies) of Active Video Games (AVGs) as a means of rehabilitation... • Traditional Exercises • AVG Exercises • = • Fung et al. (2012). Physiotherapy, 98, 183-188. DSEP CONFERENCE 16 DECEMBER, 2013

  6. “WII-HABILITATION” FOR SPORTS INJURIES? Very little research to examine/evaluate AVGs in facilitating recovery from musculoskeletal injury (in spite of high incidence rates) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_090702-N-1783P-003_Hospital_Corpsman_1st_Class_Guy_Duke,_left,_and_Electronics_Technician_3rd_Class_Joshua_Benedict_demonstrate_how_the_Physical_therapy_Department_at_Naval_Health_Clinic,_Charleston_use_the_Wii_Fit%26-195;%26-173;s_yo.jpg • Butler & Willett (2010). Injury, 41, 883-885. DSEP CONFERENCE 16 DECEMBER, 2013

  7. http://rrward.deviantart.com/art/Mind-The-Gap-Logo-141711153 STUDY AIM Examine previously injured athletes’ perceptions and experiences of AVGs in relation to rehabilitation from sports injury DSEP CONFERENCE 16 DECEMBER, 2013

  8. METHOD: PARTICIPANTS Previously injured athletes (N = 10; n male = 8, n female = 2) • University undergraduate students (M age = 20.23 years; SD = 1.86 years) • Participation levels ranged from amateur/club (n = 8) to semi-professional (n = 2) • All had completed a formal programme of sports injury rehabilitation within the last two years (now fully recovered) http://percyfan94.deviantart.com/art/Mr-Bump-162921128 DSEP CONFERENCE 16 DECEMBER, 2013

  9. “My previous experience of injury rehab. was...” METHOD: RESEARCH DESIGN Three-phase protocol: • Phase 1: Semi-structured interview #1 (28-47 mins) • Phase 2: Familiarisation/exploration of Nintendo Wii-Fit Plus (~30 mins) • “My perceptions of AVGs for the purposes of injury rehab. are...” • Phase 3: Semi-structured interview #2 (32-53 mins) DSEP CONFERENCE 16 DECEMBER, 2013

  10. METHOD: DATA ANALYSIS Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) • Ideographic, empathic, critical realist method • “…seeking to understand people’s experience…at a particular time in their life, in that social, cultural, political and economic context.” • (Shaw, 2010, p. 178) DSEP CONFERENCE 16 DECEMBER, 2013

  11. “I thought they [AVGs] were very stimulating and enjoyable” (Participant #4) RESULTS: EMERGENT THEMES Emotional Response “I don’t think using the Wii would be particularly useful to my rehabilitation because although the exercises where fun I didn’t feel it was strenuous and challenging” (Participant #8; Semi-pro) “I found the [traditional] programme very repetitive” (Participant #5) Sense of Progression “Yeah definitely… I would have found it [AVGs] really useful…because it sets challenges to complete and I felt it would have been beneficial to my physiotherapy” (Participant #10) “I struggle to get motivated at home, I find that I have to go to the gym...something like this [AVGs] would definitely have helped” (Participant # 2) Environment “she (the Physiotherapist) was putting the time in with me to do it” (Participant #4; Semi-pro) DSEP CONFERENCE 16 DECEMBER, 2013

  12. DISCUSSION: CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF “WII-HABILITATION”? • Sense of progression through improved/ expanded functionality “Real World” “Transfer Phase” • Positive emotional response facilitates adherence & learning “Interaction Space” • AVG environment carefully designed with injured athlete in mind Adapted from Kizony et al.’s (2004) Model for Virtual Reality in Rehabilitation DSEP CONFERENCE 16 DECEMBER, 2013

  13. CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONSAND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further support for AVGs as a potentially accessible and cost-effective means of enhancing sports injury rehabilitation programmes Further research required to confirm the functionality of commercially-available AVGs within the context of injury rehabilitation Implications for sports medicine and video game design DSEP CONFERENCE 16 DECEMBER, 2013

  14. A HUGE THANKS TO ALL THE ATHLETES WHO PARTICIPATED IN THIS STUDY ANY QUESTIONS? A.J.Manley@leedsmet.ac.uk

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