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CEG 436/636: Mobile Computing

CEG 436/636: Mobile Computing. Prabhaker Mateti. What is Mobile Computing?. There are not going to be any defs . Essential characteristcs ? Reconsider this topic at the end of the term. Mobile devices. Laptop/Notebook fully functional standard applicatio ns. PDA graphical displays

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CEG 436/636: Mobile Computing

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  1. CEG 436/636: Mobile Computing PrabhakerMateti

  2. What is Mobile Computing? • There are not going to be any defs. • Essential characteristcs? • Reconsider this topic at the end of the term CEG436: Mobile Computing

  3. Mobile devices • Laptop/Notebook • fully functional • standard applications • PDA • graphical displays • character recognition • simplified WWW • Pager • receive only • tiny displays • simple text messages Sensors, embedded controllers • Smartphone • tiny keyboard • simple versions of standard applications • Mobile phones • voice, data • simple graphical displays performance No clear separation between device types possible (e.g. smart phones, embedded PCs, …) CEG436: Mobile Computing

  4. Mobile Devices Everywhere • 2011: There are 5.3 billion mobile subscribers • == 77% of the world population. • Growth is led by China and India. • 2009: Half a billion accessed mobile Internet. • 2008: Cell Phones Key to Teens’ Social Lives, 47% Can Text with Eyes Closed. CEG436: Mobile Computing

  5. Google Nexus One Cost (Jan 2010) Introductory price US$529 unlocked; US$179 with 2 year contract CEG436: Mobile Computing

  6. The Growth of Mobile Devices • Bunch of numbers … next few slides • Worth watching: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aUQLIPdtg8 • 3min 11 secs • by Sybase Inc • Sep 9, 2010 CEG436: Mobile Computing

  7. Mobile statistics snapshots (09/2002 / 12/2004 / 04/2006 / Q4/2007 • Total Global Mobile Users • 869M / 1.52G / 2G /3.3G • Total Analogue Users 71M / 34M / 1M • Total US Mobile users 145M / 140M • Total Global GSM users 680M / 1.25G1.5G /2.7G • Total Global CDMA Users 127M / 202M • Total TDMA users 84M / 120M • Total European users 283M / 343M • Total African users 18.5M / 53M / 83M • Total 3G users 130M / 130M • Total South African users 13.2M / 19M / 30M • European Prepaid Penetration 63% • European Mobile Penetration 70.2% • Global Phone Shipments 2001 393M / 1G 2008 • Global Phone Sales 2Q02 96.7M sources: www.cellular.co.za/stats/stats-main.htm www.gsmworld.com • #1 Mobile Country China (139M / 300M) • #1 GSM Country China (99M / 282M /483M) • #1 SMS Country Philipines • #1 Handset Vendor 2Q02 Nokia (37.2%) • #1 Network In Africa Vodacom (6.6M / 11M) • #1 Network In Asia Unicom (153M) • #1 Network In Japan DoCoMo • #1 Network In Europe T-Mobile (22M / 28M) • #1 In Infrastructure Ericsson • SMS Sent Globally 1Q 60T / 135G / 235G /650 G • SMS sent in UK 6/02 1.3T / 2.1G • SMS sent Germany 1Q02 5.7T • GSM Countries on Air 171 / 210 / 220 • GSM Association members 574 / 839 • Total Cost of 3G Licenses in Europe 110T€ • SMS/month/user 36 The figures vary a lot depending on the statistic, creator of the statistic etc.! CEG436: Mobile Computing

  8. Worldwide Smartphone Landscape TBDSource: AdMob traffic CEG436: Mobile Computing 8

  9. Worldwide Smartphone Traffic TrendsSource: AdMob traffic, Sept. ‘08 WW Smartphone OS Share WW Smartphone Share of Total Mobile Traffic CEG436: Mobile Computing 9

  10. US Smartphone Landscape Source: AdMob traffic CEG436: Mobile Computing 10

  11. US Smartphone Traffic TrendsSource: AdMob traffic, Sept. ‘08 US Smartphone OS Share US Smartphone Share of Total Mobile Traffic CEG436: Mobile Computing 11

  12. CEG436: Mobile Computing

  13. Nielsen Mobile Insights, Mar 2011 CEG436: Mobile Computing

  14. World Telecommunication in 2010 CEG436: Mobile Computing

  15. Smartphone OS market share CEG436: Mobile Computing

  16. Applications I • We can imagine just about every application to have a version implemented on the mobile platform • computing (both CPU and RAM) capacity • storage expectations • graphics/ display expectations • ui expectations CEG436: Mobile Computing

  17. Applications II • Vehicles • transmission of news, road condition, weather, music via DAB/DVB-T • personal communication using GSM/UMTS/LTE • position via GPS • local ad-hoc network with vehicles close-by to prevent accidents, guidance system, redundancy • vehicle data (e.g., from busses, high-speed trains) can be transmitted in advance for maintenance • Emergencies • early transmission of patient data to the hospital, current status, first diagnosis • replacement of a fixed infrastructure in case of earthquakes, hurricanes, fire etc. • crisis, war, ... CEG436: Mobile Computing

  18. Typical application: road traffic UMTS, WLAN, DAB, DVB, GSM, cdma2000, TETRA, ... ad hoc Personal Travel Assistant, PDA, Laptop, GSM, UMTS, WLAN, Bluetooth, ... CEG436: Mobile Computing

  19. Mobile and wireless services – Always Best Connected UMTS, GSM 115 kbit/s LAN 100 Mbit/s, WLAN 54 Mbit/s GSM/GPRS 53 kbit/s Bluetooth 500 kbit/s DSL/ WLAN 3 Mbit/s UMTS 2 Mbit/s GSM/EDGE 384 kbit/s, DSL/WLAN 3 Mbit/s UMTS, GSM 384 kbit/s GSM 115 kbit/s, WLAN 11 Mbit/s CEG436: Mobile Computing

  20. Applications III • Traveling salesmen • direct access to customer files stored in a central location • consistent databases for all agents • mobile office • Replacement of fixed networks • remote sensors, e.g., weather, earth activities • flexibility for trade shows • LANs in historic buildings • Entertainment, education, ... • outdoor Internet access • intelligent travel guide with up-to-datelocation dependent information • ad-hoc networks formulti user games History Info CEG436: Mobile Computing

  21. Location dependent services • Location aware services • what services, e.g., printer, fax, phone, server etc. exist in the local environment • Follow-on services • automatic call-forwarding, transmission of the actual workspace to the current location • Information services • “push”: e.g., current special offers in the supermarket • “pull”: e.g., where is the Black Forrest Cheese Cake? • Support services • caches, intermediate results, state information etc. “follow” the mobile device through the fixed network • Privacy • who should gain knowledge about the location CEG436: Mobile Computing

  22. Effects of device portability • Power consumption • limited computing power, low quality displays, small disks due to limited battery capacity • CPU: power consumption ~ CV2f • C: internal capacity, reduced by integration • V: supply voltage, can be reduced to a certain limit • f: clock frequency, can be reduced temporally • Loss of data • higher probability, has to be included in advance into the design (e.g., defects, theft) • Limited user interfaces • compromise between size of fingers and portability • integration of character/voice recognition, abstract symbols • Limited memory (always in relation to e.g. PCs) • limited usage of mass memories with moving parts • flash-memory or ? as alternative CEG436: Mobile Computing

  23. Wireless networks in comparison to fixed networks • Higher loss-rates due to interference • emissions of, e.g., engines, lightning • Restrictive regulations of frequencies • frequencies have to be coordinated, useful frequencies are almost all occupied • Lower transmission rates • local some Mbit/s, regional currently, e.g., 53kbit/s with GSM/GPRS or about 150 kbit/s using EDGE – soon Mbit/s with LTE • Higher delays, higher jitter • connection setup time with GSM in the second range, several hundred milliseconds for other wireless systems – soon in ms range with LTE • Lower security, simpler active attacking • radio interface accessible for everyone, base station can be simulated, thus attracting calls from mobile phones • Always shared medium • secure access mechanisms important CEG436: Mobile Computing

  24. Areas of research in mobile communication • Wireless Communication • transmission quality (bandwidth, error rate, delay) • modulation, coding, interference • media access, regulations • ... • Mobility • location dependent services • location transparency • quality of service support (delay, jitter, security) • ... • Portability • power consumption • limited computing power, sizes of display, ... • usability • ... CEG436: Mobile Computing

  25. Network Network Simple reference model used here Application Application Transport Transport Network Network Data Link Data Link Data Link Data Link Physical Physical Physical Physical Medium Radio CEG436: Mobile Computing

  26. Application layer Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer service location new/adaptive applications multimedia congestion/flow control quality of service addressing, routing device location hand-over authentication media access/control multiplexing encryption modulation interference attenuation frequency Influence of mobile communication to the layer model CEG436: Mobile Computing

  27. Overlay Networks - the global goal integration of heterogeneous fixed andmobile networks with varyingtransmission characteristics regional vertical handover metropolitan area campus-based horizontal handover in-house CEG436: Mobile Computing

  28. CEG 436 Course Content

  29. Prerequisites/Expectations • CEG 402 is officially listed as a prerequisite. • Ideally, also CEG 433 Operating Systems. • Processes and Threads • File Systems • Fluency in • Java is expected. • Objective C is not expected. • Linux experience: at least CEG 233 • Android related Java issues will be discussed. • Eclipse IDE for Android will be introduced. • Would be great: own a spare Android phone • Objective C will be introduced. • Lab facilities available, but better to have your own personal computer. CEG436: Mobile Computing

  30. CEG 436 Grading Weights CEG436: Mobile Computing

  31. CEG 436 Course Content CEG436: Mobile Computing

  32. CEG 436 Course Content CEG436: Mobile Computing

  33. CEG 636 Course Content • All of CEG 436 • One additional project or term paper CEG436: Mobile Computing

  34. Course Websites • www.cs.wright.edu/~pmateti/Courses/436/Top/ WSU CEG 436/636: Mobile Computing; Weekly Schedule, Syllabus, Discussion, Old Exams, ReadingList, Links, Lab Facilities • developer.android.com/ Android Developer • developer.apple.com/devcenter/ios/iOS Dev Center • www.sigmobile.org/ International ACM community of researchers and practitioners who: Perform research in the theory and practice of all areas related to the mobility of systems, users, data, and computing; Expand the evolution of portable computers and wireless networks; Support the convergence of mobility, computing, and information organization; and Improve access, services, management, and applications for mobile computing and communications. CEG436: Mobile Computing

  35. Books to Read • “Everyware: The Dawning Age of Ubiquitous Computing” • Adam Greenfield • Paperback: 272 pages • Publisher: New Riders Publishing; March 2006 • ISBN-10: 0321384016 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PKNbueOF5U CEG436: Mobile Computing

  36. Books to Read • “Where the Action Is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction” • Paul Dourish • Paperback: 245 pages • Publisher: The MIT Press; New edition edition (August 20, 2004) • Language: English • ISBN-10: 0262541785 • ISBN-13: 978-0262541787 CEG436: Mobile Computing

  37. Books to Read • Digital Ground: Architecture, Pervasive Computing, and Environmental Knowing • Malcolm McCullough • Paperback: 290 pages • Publisher: The MIT Press; (September 23, 2005) • ISBN-10: 9780262633277 • Review CEG436: Mobile Computing

  38. Recommended Text Book • “Wireless Internet and Mobile Computing: Interoperability and Performance” • Yu-Kwong Ricky Kwok, Vincent K.N. Lau • August 2007 • Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated • ISBN: 0471679682 CEG436: Mobile Computing

  39. Recommended Text Book • “Computer Networks” • Andrew S. Tanenbaum, David J. Wetherall • 960 pp, 2011, 5/E • Prentice Hall ISBN-10: 0132126958 • Slides etc:http://authors.phptr.com/tanenbaumcn4/ CEG436: Mobile Computing

  40. Text Book • “Mobile Communications” • Jochen Schiller • Paperback: 492 pages • Addison Wesley; 2 edition (September 2003) • ISBN-10: 9780321123817 CEG436: Mobile Computing

  41. CEG 436 Order of Lectures • Because CEG 436 is a 10-week term course skipped for now … • refreshers on • Operating Systems • TCP/IP Networking • Cellular Telephony • “Definitions” • Mobile Devices/Smart Phone • What is Android? CEG436: Mobile Computing

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