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Energy in Human Diets

Energy in Human Diets. By Thomas Gaskin and Soheil Isonlani. Energy Contents. Carbohydrates, fat and protein all contain and store energy Nutrient Energy Content per 100g Carbohydrate 1760kj Fat 4000kj Protein 1720kj. Appetite Control.

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Energy in Human Diets

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  1. Energy in Human Diets By Thomas Gaskin and SoheilIsonlani

  2. Energy Contents • Carbohydrates, fat and protein all contain and store energy Nutrient Energy Content per 100g Carbohydrate 1760kj Fat 4000kj Protein 1720kj

  3. Appetite Control • Hypothalamus is the appetite control centre- located in the brain • It knows when you have eaten enough food through hormonal stimuli: • Insulin- secreted in pancreas when glucose levels are too high • PYY3-36- secreted by the small intestine, where the food is kept • Leptin- secreted by adipose tissue, as more fat stores, the more leptin is released

  4. Differences in Energy Sources • Diets are important around the world, and certain foods are the main source of energy and are eaten in large quantities: • Rice- tropical and temperate areas • Wheat- temperate climates • Cassava- high rainfall areas • Fish- where crop growth is impossible • Meat- ethnic groups with a nomadic lifestyle

  5. Body Mass Index (BMI) • The general measurement of someone’s weight that is modified to be equal for everyone, even if they are of different sizes • The equation is: BMI=

  6. Conclusions Body Mass Index Conclusion Below 18.5 Underweight 18.5-24.9 Normal weight 25.0-29.9 Overweight 30.0 or more Obese

  7. Carbohydrates • Consumption of too much sugar can result in obesity, type 2 diabetes and tooth decay • Too much starch can cause obesity but it is not linked to other health problems • Dietary fibre is the most complex indigestible and can be very healthy

  8. Fats • Significant risk of obesity with large consumption • There is a link between fat and coronary heart disease (CHD) • Trans fats are known to have the largest risk and saturated fats are also very unhealthy

  9. Proteins • Proteins are usually a large part of certain diets, which means one can consume a lot of it in one meal • Can cause kidney stones, gout, reduced kidney function, loss of calcium in urine and risk of osteoporosis

  10. Clinical Obesity • Over 300 million adults worldwide are considered clinically obese • Clinical obesity is when a doctor diagnoses a patient as obese

  11. Reasons for Clinical Obesity • Foods with high content of fat and sugar are cheap • Economic growth- cheaper foods allowed larger portion of sizes • Automated means of transportation • People do not have physically demanding jobs • Many jobs are done by machine • Overall the main reason is that we are eating more and consuming a lot of energy stored as fat, but we are doing less activities that expend this energy

  12. The End

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