Mobile Devices Case/ p 71What are some of the benefits that organizations could realize by connecting all of their emplo

1. Mobile Devices Case/ p 71What are some of the benefits that organizations could realize by connecting all of their employees by mobile devices? • Provide “time” and “place” flexibility • Mobile sale forces could do product demonstrations, check inventory and place orders online real time while at the customer location. • Reduction of the time needed to locate other employees, especially when they are off-site. • Keep employees abreast of any important news when away on travel (conferences, meetings, presentations). • Increased available productive time, as constant connectivity allows for activities to be performed anytime anyplace.

2. Are the CIOs in the case saying that ROI is not important when deploying mobile computing devices? the estimated benefits obtained by the adoption of these communication devices are large enough that outweigh cost considerations and thus displace formal ROI analyses and concerns. This is what many have called “value” analysis which compares values to benefits as opposed to “cost” to benefits.

3. Blackberry popularity? • Single and integrated device for voice and data communications • Push technology – data is routed to the user rather than retrieved by the user • Operates in several different networks and countries • It is possible to view email attachments • Design features: high-resolution color display, long battery life, improved keyboard, etc. • Integrated connectivity applications (SMS, browser, organizer)

4. Computer Software

5. Learning Objectives • Describe several important trends occurring in computer software. • Give examples of major types of application and system software. • Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing. • Define and describe the functions of an operating system. • Describe the main uses of computer programming software, tools, and languages

6. Software A single program or a collection of programs which performs many task and/or system related functions Two types of software: • Application • System

7. Application Software • Personal Information Manager • Groupware • Organizational • Inter-organizational

8. Personal Information Manager and Groupware • Personal Information Manager (PIM) • Software for end user productivity and collaboration • Store information about clients, schedules, manage appointments, manage tasks • E.g., Lotus Organizer, Microsoft Outlook • Groupware • Software that helps workgroups collaborate on group assignments • E-mail, discussion groups, databases, videoconferencing • E.g., Lotus Notes, Novell GroupWise, Microsoft Exchange

9. Organizational & Inter-organizational Organizational They assist typical organazational tasks • Payroll, TPS • ERP,CRM • Web-based management systems Inter-organizational They provide links or cooperation between organizations • B2B system • EDI, SCM

10. Overview of Computer Software Computer Software Application Software System Software General Purpose Application Programs System Development Programs System Management Programs Application- Specific Programs

11. Software development • Custom software • Software applications that are developed within an organization for use by that organization • COTS software • Commercial Off-the-shelf (COTS) • Classify based on how it was developed • Software developed with the intention of selling the software in multiple copies • Outsourced software

12. Software Development Selection • Why would you choose ? • Custom (in source) • COTS (off-the-shelf) • outsourced?

13. Corel WordPerfect Office Microsoft Office Lotus SmartSuite Sun Star Office Programs Word Processor Spreadsheet Presentation Graphics Database Manager Personal Info. Manager General-PurposeApplication Programs Software Suites and Integrated Packages Oracle E-Business Suite Word Excel PowerPoint Access Outlook WordPro 1-2-3 Freelance Approach Organizer WordPerfect Quattro Pro Presentations Paradox Corel Central StarWriter StarCalc StarImpress StarBase StarSchedule

14. Electronic Spreadsheets and Presentation Graphics • Electronic Spreadsheets • Worksheet of rows and columns • Used for calculations and charts • E.g., Lotus 1-2-3, Microsoft Excel, Corel QuattroPro • Presentation Graphics • Convert numeric data into graphics displays • Prepare multimedia presentations including graphics, photos, animation, and video clips • E.g., Microsoft PowerPoint, Lotus Freelance, Corel Presentations

15. General-PurposeApplication Programs • Web Browsers • Electronic Mail and Instant Messaging (IM) • Word Processing and Desktop Publishing • Electronic Spreadsheets • Database Management • Presentation Graphics • Personal Information Managers • Groupware – Collaboration Software

16. General-PurposeApplication Programs Application Service Providers (ASPs)

17. End Users Application Software System Software Computer Hardware System Software:Computer System Management Software Interface Between End Users and Computers

18. System Software • Operating Systems • Utility software • Network Software

19. Operating Systems The User Interface • Command-Driven • Menu-Driven • Graphical User Interface

20. OS contain two parts Supervisory • Stays in main memory Transient • Can be swapped back and forth from secondary memory

21. Operating Systems User Interface End User Systems and Network Communications File Management Utilities and Other Functions Resource Management Task Management Providing a Variety of Support Services Managing Data and Program Files Managing the Accomplishment Of Tasks – Managing the Use of Hardware Resources

22. Operating Systems Resource Management • Virtual Memory File Management Task Management • Multitasking, • Multiprocessing • Multi-user programming

23. Popular Operating Systems • Windows • GUI, multitasking, networking, multimedia • Microsoft’s operating system • Different versions manage servers • Vista • Windows XP • Windows NT • Windows Server 2003 • Windows 2000 • Unix • Multitasking, multiuser, network-managing • Portable – can run on mainframes, midrange and PCs • Solaris by Sun • AIX by IBM

24. Popular Operating Systems • Linux • Low-cost, powerful reliable Unix-like operating system • Open-source • Free • Freeware • Novell SUSE Linux • Red Hat • VA Linux • MAC OS X • Apple operating system for the iMac • GUI, multitasking, multimedia

25. Use Binary Coded Instructions 1010 1011 1100 11001 11010 11011 Use Symbolic Coded Instructions LOD Y ADD Z STR X Programming Languages Machine Languages Assembler Languages

26. Use Brief Statements or Arithmetic BASIC: X = Y + Z COBOL: COMPUTE X = Y + Z Use Natural and Nonprocedural Statements SUM THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS Programming Languages High-Level Languages Fourth-Generation Languages

27. Objects What are objects? Is a “complete” unit including data and procedures

28. Programming Languages Object-Oriented Languages Withdraw (amount) Calculate Interest Print Monthly Statement Current Account Balance Get Owner Get Balance Deposit (amount) Savings Account Object

29. Object-orientedProgramming Languages Web Languages and Services HTML XML JAVA • Platform Independence • Program Applets JAVA2 Enterprise Edition Microsoft .NET Software

30. Language Translator Programs Translate instructions written in programming languages into machine language • Assembler • translates assembler language statements • Compiler • translates high-level language statements • Interpreter • compiler that translates and executes each statement in a program one at a time

31. Errors (Bugs) • Logical • Syntax • Execution

32. E-mail, Instant Messaging and Weblogs • E-mail • Software to communicate by sending and receiving messages and attachments via the Internet, intranet or extranet • Instant messaging (IM) • Receive electronic messages instantly • Weblog or blog • A personal website in dated log format • Updated with new information about a subject or range of subjects • Myspace

33. Programming Languages J2EE and .NET Compared

34. Program Development Process • Determine Program specs • Work with users • I/O layout • Processing requirements • Use Program Planning Tools • Analyze the problem using • Flow Charts • Pseudo code • Structured charts • CASE tools

35. Programming Development Process • Code and enter Program • Code program’s logic into programming language • Compile the program • Test for errors (syntax, run execution) • Test the program for correctness (GIGO) • Processing • Robustness • Documentation

36. FLOW CHARTS • Symbolic representation of program’s logic • Pre defined symbols are used to analyze program’s logic

37. Programming Logic • Sequence • Selection • Looping (Iteration)

38. Develop program logic of withdrawing cash from ATM machine

39. Programming Languages Web Services Applications Uses UDDI Web Services Directory to Locate Desired Web Service Web Services is Translated to XML, Which Acts as a Platform-Neutral Wrapper Client Application Web Service Components Communicate Via SOAP, an XML-Based Protocol for Connecting Applications and Data Web Service is Delivered Back to Client in XML

40. Case 2/p128

41. Mini Case 1: Delta, Lufthansa etc.. Computer system technologies and functions that are included with self-service kiosks are • Networked special purpose microcomputer terminals, which include video touch screens as the user interface, along with a built in • High speed thermal printer for flight itineraries and boarding passes. • A magnetic stripe card reader that is used to read customers airline and credit cards. • Connected to credit companies and bank’s databases • Integrated with airline’s internal application system

42. Delta, Northwest cont • Possible other technologies • Connect with federal databases for customer identification • Speech recognition devices • Pen-based handwriting recognition features • Wireless links for travels with PDAs and Internet-enabled cellular and PCS phones. • Image recognition. • Identification recognition (fingerprints etc.)

43. The customer value of self service kiosks for airline check-ins is: • Customer More Control • Upgrades • Seat selection • Change flights/seat • Check baggage • Stand by • Less people interaction – for the introverted/misanthropic the reduction in face-to-face interaction can sometimes be beneficial • Time savings • Convenience • Family check-ins • Pay by credit card any upgrade/change etc.

44. Possible other services • Gate readers to update itineraries and boarding passes for connecting passengers whose second flight was changed or cancelled due to weather or other delays. • International documentation, facilitation and fee collection. • Thump print recognition • Cancel reservations and be credited or debited automatically • For international flights provide foreign ATM connections • Provide initial or supplement security screening using retina scans and marking boarding cards • Provide “alerts” on customer’s mobile for flight boarding (especially if they are missing or sleeping) • Connect to hotels to allow hotel check ins • Connect to car rental agencies for car rental agreementsMore specialized kiosks to allow travelers opportunity to handle future travel plans, adjustments as schedules change and other accommodations upon arrival at a destination. • Automatic update mileage etc.

45. The business value of self service kiosks in the airline industry is the fact that • Importance of JAD (joint application Development), how technical and business team can work together and complement each other and arrive at “solutions” • A win-win situation for both customers and businesses • Creation of a whole “new” platform on which to provide additional products/services that can provide strategic advantages • Help the bottom line • Economy of scales---Strategic partnership with other airlines for check-ins just like ORBITZ, TRAVELOCITY etc • Enhance customer goodwill (satisfied customer)

46. Still a strategic advantage? Maybe, not any more • Kiosk were competitive advantages when they started probably around 2002. Airlines offered miles to customers to use kiosk but now they are a necessity. • Many airlines still can not afford it However, Continuous improvements can still provide competitive advantage • Continuous improvement and streamlining of traveler check-in activities, especially after Sept. 11, will always be provide advantage. • A reduction of costs or a reduction in the increase in costs in a highly competitive industry will always provide advantage. • Continuous enhancement of customer goodwill will always be strategic: • Online entertainment (casino, massage, card games etc..) may provide some advantage, especially on international flights • Alter customer arrival to their home/business