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“Experience is the name everyone gives to their mistakes. - Oscar Wilde

“Experience is the name everyone gives to their mistakes. - Oscar Wilde. “Goodbye” came from “God bye” which came from “God be with you.”. The Course of the War. In the Wake of the Assassination.

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“Experience is the name everyone gives to their mistakes. - Oscar Wilde

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  1. “Experience is the name everyone gives to their mistakes.- Oscar Wilde “Goodbye” came from “God bye” which came from “God be with you.”

  2. The Course of the War

  3. In the Wake of the Assassination • Although it had not occurred in Serbia, the leaders of Austria-Hungary held the Serbians responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. • The Aus-Huns were confident that should the ensuing situation escalate into a war, they would receive support from Wilhelm II and Germany.

  4. The Declaration of War • On July 23, 1914, Aus-Hun sent Serbia an ultimatum demanding that Serbia allow Aus-Hun officials to: • Suppress all subversive movements there. • Lead an investigation into the archduke’s murder. • Serbia was granted 48 hours to comply or Aus-Hun would declare war.

  5. The Declaration of War • In the ultimatum, Aus-Hun purposely made the terms unacceptable to the Serbs; they were looking for an excuse to invade. • The ultimatum outraged the Serbian leaders; however, they knew that they were incapable of fighting a war with Aus-Hun. • On July 25, the Serbs responded in a conciliatory manner, but they would not allow the Aus-Huns into the country.

  6. The Declaration of War • The Serbian answer was unacceptable to the Aus-Huns; they declared war on July 28, 1914. • After the declaration of war, both countries began the process of mobilization: gathering and transport of military troops, equipment, etc. in preparation for war.

  7. Russia’s Problem • In the wake of their humiliating defeat from Japan in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05), Russia felt a sense of obligation to assist the Slavic people more than ever. • With its knowledge of lost face in the past, the Russian government had to support Serbia now or risk the bitter hatred of all the Slavs in the Balkan region.

  8. Russia’s Problem • On July 30, Czar Nicholas II ordered a general mobilization of the Russian army against both the Aus-Hun and Germany. • On July 31, Germany sent Russia an ultimatum to halt its mobilization or Germany would declare war on Russia. • Czar Nicholas II and Wilhelm II were cousins.

  9. The Willy-Nicky Telegrams

  10. The Willy-Nicky Telegrams • The telegrams start with a plea from the Tsar to the Kaiser to try to stop the serious developments that led up to World War I. • “I foresee that very soon I shall be overwhelmed by the pressure forced upon me and be forced to take extreme measures which will lead to war. To try and avoid such a calamity as a European war I beg you in the name of our old friendship to do what you can to stop your allies from going too far.” Nicky. • “Immediate affirmative clear and unmistakable answer from your government is the only way to avoid endless misery. Until I have received this answer alas, I am unable to discuss the subject of your telegram. As a matter of fact I must request you to immediately [sic] order your troops on no account to commit the slightest act of trespassing over our frontiers.” Willy

  11. The Willy-Nicky Telegrams • Unfortunately for both the Tsar and the Kaiser, their telegrams invoking the close family/friendship relationship between the two rulers did little to stop them from mobilizing for war. • After Germany declared war on Russia on July 31, 1914, it turned to Russia’s ally France and gave them 18 hours to decide whether or not they would remain neutral.

  12. The Problem with Alliances

  13. Europe, 1914

  14. The Problem with Alliances • After Germany threatened France with their 18 hour deadline, the problem of the entangled alliances began to surface: • France decided to support Russia if they went to War with Germany. • Germany declared war on Russia Aug. 1, then declared war on France Aug. 3. • When Germany invaded Belgium on Aug. 3 in order to reach France, Britain declared war on Germany Aug. 4.

  15. The Problem with Alliances • With the web of alliances, an Austro-Serbian war pulled Germany, Russia, France, and Britain into it in 1914, thusly starting a “world war.” • Despite the widespread involvement of the war, the prospect of fighting a war was met with enthusiastic support from the people of all the countries involved.

  16. The Welcome War? • With the prospect of war, a wave of nationalism and patriotic enthusiasm swept across the countries. • As the conflict unfolded, most Europeans believed that the war was a matter of defending their country’s honor or upholding “right against might.”

  17. The Welcome War? • Many country’s leaders also believed (especially Germ.) that a short successful war would unify their countries, solidify governmental power, and solve some domestic problems. It would be a “cleansing war.” • However, in spite of these sentiments, few could have predicted how the war would reach the devastation that it did on such a global scale.

  18. One last effort and we will get them.

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