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Powerpoint presentations Nov 21 st , Nov 28 th , Dec 5 th Dec 12 th Everyone who is presenting that day is needed for the full session. Running order will be randomised and revealed in the session. The Internet, the World Wide Web & HTML MN10004 Personal Computing Summary

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  1. Powerpoint presentations • Nov 21st, Nov 28th, Dec 5th Dec 12th • Everyone who is presenting that day is needed for the full session. • Running order will be randomised and revealed in the session. Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  2. The Internet, the World Wide Web & HTML MN10004 Personal Computing

  3. Summary • The Internet and World Wide Web • Web Sites • Internet • Intranet • Extranet • Authoring Web Pages / HTML • Background • Authoring Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  4. The Internet • What is the Internet? • A global network of networks • Based on the Internet Protocol (IP) • Any network can join the Internet Includes research, academic, community & commercial networks Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  5. The Internet • Connects over a hundred thousand networks from nearly 200 countries • c10 million computers • c.580 million users (May 2002) • an elastic and robust network – no single centre • www is not the only resource on the Internet • See John Naughton, A Brief History of the Future for historical background. Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  6. What’s so special about the Internet? • Developed for information and project sharing (academic ethos). • Original intention – to allow different machines to understand each other. • Excellent for broadcasting data and linking machines: less reliable for security. Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  7. Information Resources • Many subjects and formats available • Documents • Graphics, video & audio • Software (free & shareware) • Newspapers • Directories • Library catalogues & databases • Books & journals • Junk Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  8. Terminology • WWW - World Wide Web Distributed multimedia hypertext system • HTML - HyperText Markup Language Native language for documents on the WWW • HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol Set of rules for communication between client & server • URL - Uniform Resource Locator Address of an object on the Internet Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  9. Locating Internet Resources • Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Standard address format for Internet resources URL indicates: • Method of access • Location For example: • http://www.bath.ac.uk • ftp://ftp.microsoft.com • Beyond the main domain name, resources are ordered in folders • http://www.bath.ac.uk/~mnsrmk/MN10004/.... Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  10. Your own web pages will be located: • In a public_html folder • At Bath, your public_html folder will be on the H: drive. • Subfolders can be put into public_html. • Pages and folders can have different levels of access permissions. • Follow BUCS instructions for setting up a home page – you can then substitute any design of page for the home page that’s created. Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  11. World Wide Web • World Wide Web (WWW or Web) • Distributed multimedia hypertext system • Provides access to Internet resources, including Usenet & FTP as well as Web resources • Uses client/server architecture Clients known as browsers - Internet Explorer, Netscape, Mosaic, Lynx Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  12. The World Wide Web - created to link documents held on different machines. • Developed at CERN by Tim Berners-Lee. • Employed existing ideas but employed in a new way on a vast scale. • Graphical browsers developed slightly later. Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  13. Client/Server Architecture Give me file X • WWW is based on a client/server architecture – processing at both ends Here it is Desktop Client Remote Server Request made using http A computer elsewhere on the Internet holding information Your desktop computer

  14. Web Sites

  15. Intranets, Extranets & the Internet Richard Kamm - University of Bath Source: Gartner Group

  16. Why Have a Web Site? • Public Relations • IMAGE BUILDING • To give (and get) information • CUSTOMER or PUBLIC SERVICE • To make money • SALES (E-Commerce) Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  17. A Balance... CNN Image Building Club Med Pirelli Dilbert Gartner Group CDNow Cisco Systems Sales Customer Service Travelocity Federal Express Amazon.co.uk Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  18. What is an Intranet? • Another name for the LAN/WAN using Internet technologies • More bandwidth, security and control than the Internet • Typically used for information/knowledge sharing • Also as a platform to deliver business applications Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  19. Decision support • Budgeting • Sales analysis • Communications • Publishing • Collaboration • Customers and partners • Business processes • Inventory management • Claims processing • Expense reports Scenarios

  20. Extranets • Secure interconnection of intranets across organisations • B-to-B E-Commerce • Supply Chains Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  21. Web Authoring and HTML

  22. ??ML • HTML is derived from SGML… • …as is XML • All are “markup languages” – instructions to the browser on how to display the text. Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  23. What is HTML? • HTML is the ‘presentation language’ of the WWW • HTML documents use markup tags: <H1>Introduction</H1> <IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="Logo"> • Although markup tags are case insensitive, be consistent<H1> or <h1> • Attribute values may be case sensitive (e.g. filenames) • Some markup tags are paired to denote the start and end of an element (<H1> and </H1>) Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  24. What’s so special about HTML? • It’s free – in all senses: • You don’t pay to write it. • You can examine other people’s code. • Web pages are only text: • Very efficient to communicate. • Images are in separate files which the HTML code refers to. Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  25. Simple HTML Elements • A simple HTML document will typically contain the following elements: • Simple tags used in most HTML documents (<HEAD>, <TITLE>, <P>) • Physical formatting tags (<B> and <I>) • Logical formatting tags (<STRONG>, <EM>, <UL> and <LI>) • Hypertext links (<A HREF="…">) Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  26. Creating HTML • HTML documents can be created using a simple text editor (e.g. Notepad) • Advantages • Cheap • Gain understanding of HTML • Total Control • Disadvantages • Easy to make mistakes • Need to understand syntax of HTML • Slow Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  27. HTML Authoring Tools • HTML authoring tools: • Provide an easy-to-use interface for creating HTML documents (e.g., MS FrontPage (Express), Netscape Composer, Macromedia Dreamweaver) • Can hide complexities of HTML language (including more complex entities such as tables) • Range from the simple and straightforward to the sophisticated and complex Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  28. MS Word - ‘Save as HTML…’ • Easy • But… • Many drawbacks • Very hard to control how your page looks on other people’s browsers. • Hard to format, eg position images, with any precision Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  29. Web Site Design • Designing a page is easy… • …designing a large web site isn’t • Need to consider organisation and navigability of the whole site as well as the usability of individual pages. • “Information Architect” a growing profession. Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  30. Assignment • Your home page – judged on • usability/navigability of the pages • Speed of loading • technical quality and technical innovation • design aesthetic • creative content Richard Kamm - University of Bath

  31. How NOT to do it…. • www.webpagesthatsuck.com Richard Kamm - University of Bath

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