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Russia: Culture. Religion in Russia. After seizing power during the communist revolution in 1917, the Soviet government discouraged religious practices, and instead promoted Atheism. Atheism – the belief that there is no God or other supreme being
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Religion in Russia • After seizing power during the communist revolution in 1917, the Soviet government discouraged religious practices, and instead promoted Atheism. • Atheism – the belief that there is no God or other supreme being • After the fall of the Soviet Union much of Russia’s religious activity was restored. • However, in 1997, Russian lawmakers placed heavy restriction on newly established religious groups • Only Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism were allowed full religious liberty.
Religion: Christianity • Russia’s dominant religious group is Christianity • Within Christianity, the Russian Orthodox Church is the most dominant denomination. • Russian Orthodox Church (terms) • Patriarch – Spiritual leader • Icons – religious images or symbols • Russia uses icons in its religious ceremonies • During the reign of the Soviet government other Christian denominations were heavily persecuted. • However, since the fall of the Soviet Union other denominations, particularly Catholicism and Protestantism, have seen great growth.
Religion: Islam • Islam is Russia 2nd largest religion and is seeing rapid growth. • Islam is most heavily practiced in the southern regions of Russia. • Particularly in the Caucasus region, and in areas north of Kazakhstan • *See map on next slide • The most popular sect of Islam in Russia is Sunni
Religion: Judaism • Jews living in Russia have endured nearly constant persecution. • During the Tsardomof Russia, from 1547 to 1721, Jews often experienced pogroms. • Pogroms - in czarist Russia, an attack on Jews carried out by government troops or officials. • As a result of such heavy persecution many Jews have immigrated to other countries. • It is estimated that around 200,000 Jews currently live in Russia
Religion: Buddhism • Buddhist are dominant in 2 Republics within Russia • The Republic of Kalmykia – near the Caspian Sea • The Republic of Buryatia – near Lake Baikal • *See map on next slide • These two regions have a total of nearly 500,000 buddhists.
Education • During Soviet Russia education mainly focused on: • Military, science, and engineering • This put a large emphasis on technology and military, but made occupations such as educators and doctors unimportant and underpaid. • Current schools are much more evenly focused in their studies. • Students are given the opportunity to choose between different types of schools. • Some of these school are more like American high schools, focusing more on general studies, while others are more career focused. • However, poor funding has lead much of Russia’s school in disrepair, and the allure of a paying job often takes precedent over attending school.
The Arts: Russia’s Golden Age • Following the predominately religious themed art of the 1600s, and the introduction of western European culture in the early 1700s, Russia entered its golden age in the during the 1800s. • Painters: • IlyaRepin, WassilyKandinksy, Marc Chagall • Composers: • Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, and Modest Mussorgsky • Poets: • Alexander Pushkin, Boris Pasternak, and Anna Akhmatova • Novelists: • Leo Tolstoy (War and Peace), Fyodor Dostoyevsky (Crime and Punishment)
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov Scheherazade Op.35 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17lEx0ytE_0
The Arts: Soviet Russia • Soviet Russia severely limited artistic expression, forcing artist to create art that glorified the nation. • This type of art was known as: • Socialist Realism – realistic style of art and literature that glorified Soviet ideals and goals • Artists who refused to conform to these restrictions were often persecuted and jailed. • After the collapse of the Soviet Union, artistic expression has been largely renewed in Russia.
