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The Thirty Years War

The Thirty Years War. 1618 - 1648. (It lasted 30 years). People are talking “smack” about you in this room, how do you defend yourself? . Society in the Middle Ages . In the Middle Ages, and the system of feudalism, who were common people loyal to?

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The Thirty Years War

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  1. The Thirty Years War 1618 - 1648 (It lasted 30 years)

  2. People are talking “smack” about you in this room, how do you defend yourself?

  3. Society in the Middle Ages • In the Middle Ages, and the system of feudalism, who were common people loyal to? • Also in the Middle Ages, who was on top of the social pyramid?

  4. “Nation” (In the Middle Ages) • Who leads a nation? • Who grants that leader the authority to rule? • By these answers, how would we define a nation in the Middle Ages?

  5. Example of a Middle-Ages Nation: Holy Roman Empire • Over 250 small kingdoms, each run by princes • “United” by a single Emperor, • Emperor had no real authority, and no additional land • Usually was named Emperor by the Pope as a reward • Often “ruled” from an outside country • These kingdoms often fought religious wars against one another

  6. Peace of Augsburg, 1555 • Agreement in the Holy Roman Empire (“HRE”) in 1555 • Signed by Emperor Charles V • Princes could choose Catholic or Lutheran for their kingdom • What was the purpose of the Peace of Augsburg? • How effective do you think this peace was?

  7. Yup, you’re right • In 1617, Ferdinand II, the new King of Bohemia, changed the official religion to Catholicism. • Bohemia had been a Protestant (Lutheran) area. • How might have the people of Bohemia reacted?

  8. Fighting Breaks Out • In 1618, the Protestant kingdom of Bohemia revolted against Ferdinand II, who had now become Holy Roman Emperor. • Fighting began after some Protestant officials threw Catholic officials out of a second-story window, in an event known as the Defenestration of Prague. • Ferdinand II tried to conquer neighboring kingdoms to convert them to Catholicism.

  9. Defenestration of Prague

  10. A Civil War • This led to a civil war between Catholic and Protestant kingdoms within the Holy Roman Empire. • None of the rulers could afford to pay their soldiers • What might happen as a result of soldiers not being paid?

  11. Other Nations Join • Why would other nations join the war?

  12. Other Nations Join • “Help a brother out” • Catholics versus Protestants • Squeezed in the middle • Take territory

  13. Domestic Effects of the War • Soldiers plundered the villages and fields for food. • As many as half the people in the HRE were killed in the war or starved to death, due to food shortages.

  14. Peace of Westphalia - 1648 • Wanted to make sure these wars would not happen again • New individual nation states were created • Sovereign AKA in complete control • King can govern without the pope’s permission • Stays out of foreign affairs, but has TOTAL control at home • ABSOLUTE MONARCHS!!!!!!!!!! • It revolutionized Europe – Goes from Medieval to Modern

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