Results of sampling and che m ical analyses from several hot spots in Armenia

1. Results of sampling and chemical analyses from several hotspotsin Armenia visit of the surroundings of Yerevan, July 22 – 28, 2010 Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague

2. Pesticide monitoring • Visited four selected localities where pesticides were present - dumping site, storages, sale places • Mostly mixed samples were taken • Systematic sampling, including depth profiles, was carried out in one of the localities • Analysis focusing on organochlorine pesticides

3. Hazardous properties of DDT and HCH CHRONIC TOXICITY!!! SERIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT!!! • DDT, DDE, DDD xenoestrogenic, endocrine disruptor - damages the reproductive system and reduces reproductive success neurotoxicity – retarded psychomotor development possible human carcinogen • HCH, HCB hepatotoxicity reproductive problems affect human immune system possible human carcinogen

4. Jrarat • A big storage of fertilizers, serving also as a pesticide storage in the past.Pesticide residues in barrels, and fertilizers in bags, are found in the storage. • Ruins of a small storage, without a roof. It is filled with barrels and bags with fertilizers and pesticides. A railway siding, which served for handling of fertilizers and pesticides, is located close to the storages. Further, a pond for trout breeding is found ca 50 m from the small storage.

5. 8 samples were taken in this locality - 3 mixed samples of the material swept from the floor, plasters in the big storage, further, 2 samples in the small storage and samples of soils in the vicinity of storages

7. Main risks • The building where pesticides are deposited is ruined, and without a roof. Only parts of walls remained of the building. The pesticides are deposited, practically, in open landscape. Rain and wind actions cause transport of pesticides into the surrounding landscape. • One of the further big risks is the possibility of contamination of breeding ponds in close vicinity of the storage. In view of the possibility of accumulation of these persistent pollutants in animal adipose tissues, it would be recommendable to carry out an analysis of fish meat.

8. Nubarashen • The dumping site served for disposal of pesticide residues and wastes contaminated by pesticides • At present, the dumping site is sealed and fenced, but the territory under the dumping site is accessible

9. There were taken 9 samples from the surface in three profiles parallel with the lower base of the dumping site • In total 8 depth samples were taken from drill holes in the profile vertical to the lower base of the dumping site. The samples were taken from the depth 0.5 m, 1 m and 1.5 m

11. Main risks • The spreading contamination in the surroundings of the dumping site represents considerable risk for the environment and people living in the vicinity. It is also very likely that pesticides enter the food chain, because marks of livestock grazing were found in close vicinity of the dumping site where also the highest DDT concentrations were detected. • Covering and fencing the dumping site partially prevented direct exposition of people and livestock, but spreading into the environment could still continue. Thus, sealing the dumping site does not represent a solution of the problem. It will be necessary to decontaminate the whole territory of the dumping site, in order to prevent possible risks.

12. Echmiadzin • Two small storages are located there where fertilizers and pesticides were handled • In close vicinity of the storages, vegetable patches are found, and small ponds for trout breeding are located ca 30 metres from the storages.

14. Main risks • Lack of information of the local inhabitants about the hazardous properties of these substances. • Contamination of agricultural soil and crops, and contamination of breeding ponds, with the possibility of accumulation of these hazardous substances in fish meat and eggs of hens bred there.

15. Masis, Berriutyun LTD Masis • Two small storages, where pesticides and fertilizers were handled, are located next to the big storage used up to now • Mixed sample from the bags, material swept from the floor plasters and a soils in close vicinity

16. Main risks • For the employees working in the locality, they move here without any protective equipment • Contamination of the stored fertilizers and of landscape in the vicinity

17. Alaverdi • Serving for disposal of slag and fly ash from a nearby metallurgical plant processing copper ore • The surrounding environment is contaminated in particular by lead, cadmium and arsenic • These hazardous substances are being washed out of the disposal site by rain precipitations and are spreading downhill towards the city Alaverdi

18. Conclusion • Removal of all obsolete pesticides remaining in the localities to avoid the risk of further spread • Total remediation of sites and their surroundings • Monitoring of wider areas around the sites, monitoring of pesticides in food chains, biological sampling • Inform local inhabitants about the hazardous properties of these substances and risks to their health • Continue searching for other contaminated localities