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Chapter 10, Section 3

Chapter 10, Section 3. Culture of the High Middle Ages. Architecture. Universities. First - in Bologna, Italy Second - Paris, France Third – Oxford, England By 1500 there were about 80 universities

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Chapter 10, Section 3

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  1. Chapter 10, Section 3 Culture of the High Middle Ages

  2. Architecture

  3. Universities • First - in Bologna, Italy • Second - Paris, France • Third – Oxford, England • By 1500 there were about 80 universities • Students studied the liberal arts: grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy

  4. Chapter 10, Section 4 - The Late Middle Ages The Black Death • Spread by rats carrying infected fleas along trade routes • Killed 1/3 to 1/2 of the population in Europe • It was not known what caused the plague, so many thought it was a punishment from God for sins • Caused anti-Semitism – hostility toward Jews

  5. Effects of the Black Death • Trade declined • Shortage of workers led to increase in the price of labor • Lower demand resulted in falling prices. • Income from rents declined at the same time lords had to pay more for labor. • Peasants bargained to pay rent instead of owing services. • This change freed them from serfdom.

  6. The Great Schism • Caused by the election of two popes • One pope was an Italian living in Rome, Italy • The other pope was French and lived in Avignon, France

  7. The Hundred Year War • Between England and France • Fought from 1337 to 1453 • Both sides had heavily armed knights, but it was the Englishpeasants armed with longbows that won the battles at Crecy and Agincourt • Joan of Arc inspired the French to victory, but she was captured by the English and the inquisition burned her at the stake • French finally won with cannons

  8. New Monarchies • King Louis XI strengthened the French state. He started the taille – a tax on land which gave the king a regular source of income. • In England, the War of the Roses was between noble families who had roses as their symbol. Henry VII (7th), a Tudor created a new dynasty. He abolished the nobles armies, so strengthened the monarchy. • Ferdinand and Isabella politically united Spain and believed in religious unity as well, so they expelled the Jews from Spain and required Muslims to convert to Catholicism or be exiled. • The Holy Roman empire did not initially develop a strong monarchy, but after 1438, the Hapsburg dynasty began to play an important role in Europe.

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