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Chapter Eight

Chapter Eight. The Age of Romanticism. The age of romanticism:. from 1798 to 1832. In 1798, Wordsworth and Coleridge published Lyrical Ballads. In 1832: the death of Sir Walter Scott. the glorification of instinct and emotion. ﹛. essence:. a deep veneration of nature.

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Chapter Eight

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  1. Chapter Eight The Age of Romanticism

  2. The age of romanticism: from 1798 to 1832 In 1798, Wordsworth and Coleridge published Lyrical Ballads In 1832: the death of Sir Walter Scott the glorification of instinct and emotion ﹛ essence: a deep veneration of nature a flaming zeal to remake the world

  3. Background Historical Background Characteristic Features of the Romantic Movement Intellectual Background

  4. Three revolutions ↙ ↘ ↓ The industrial revolution The American revolution The French revolution

  5. The Result of revolution the national liberation movements and democratic movements shook the very foundation of aristocratic rule in England brought great wealth to the rich and worsened the working and living conditions of the poor The Luddite movement : the machine-breaking movement

  6. The shift: from reason to instinct and emotion A number of thinkers and philosophers Rousseau Edmund Burke Thomas Paine

  7. Rousseau(1712 --- 1778) The French philosopher writer He is regarded as the father of romanticism. His ideas: He rejects the worship of reason. It is much safer to rely on feeling, should follow instincts and emotions He preaches, “ return to nature”. Works: The New Heloise (1761) Sow the seeds of romanticism. Emile(1762)

  8. Edmund Burke (1729 --- 1797) English politician, addresser, political philosopher Works: Reflection on the Revolution in France 1790 He repudiates the revolution, claiming that no one has the right to destroy the institutions and traditions. A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and the Beautiful 1756 He deals with aesthetics, that is the theory of beauty.

  9. Thomas Paine(1737 ----- 1809) Works: The Rights of Man1791 “man has no property in man “ The right of the people to overthrow a government that opposes humanity.

  10. Characteristic features of the romantic movement subjectivism simplicity Worship of nature melancholy singularity age of poetry spontaneity

  11. “ a mirror to nature” “ the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” Romanticism subjectivism Neo-- classicism objectivism The poetry of the Romantic Age in England is distinctive for its high degree of imagination.

  12. Spontaneity is opposed to the “rules” and “regulations” imposed on the poets by neoclassic writers. The role of instinct, intuition, and the feelings of “the heart” is stressed instead of neo-classicists’ emphasis on “the head”, on regularity, uniformity, decorum, and imitation of the classical writers.

  13. Singularity the remote the unusual the strange The neo --- classic writers tried to avoid. the supernatural the mysterious the splendid the picturesque the illogical

  14. Worship of nature Some treat nature as a living entity that shares the poet’s feelings. Some even regard nature as the revelation of God.

  15. Simplicity everyday language rustic people Romantic poets Neo-classic poets poetic diction poets The romantic movement is characterized by humanitarian idealism. ﹛ the brotherhood of mankind Many poets had a vision of universal sharing the ultimate freedom of human spirits

  16. melancholy exile isolation theme of long for the infinite long for an indefinable and inaccessible goal

  17. The age of poetry Outpoured their feelings and emotions. romantic poets a free verse form neo– classic writers heroic couplets

  18. William Wordsworth (1770 --- 1850) born ----- near the Lake district in northwestern England family ----- his parents died when he was young education ----- study at Cambridge for four years achievement ----- poet laureate

  19. His Works The Recluse a long poem ------ a life and thinking of Wordsworth The Prelude(1850) a long poem ----- tells the growth of his mind Lyrical Ballads(1798) Collaboration with Coleridge as a declaration of romanticism

  20. nature His writing features Nature means more than rivers, trees…, but the greatest of all teachers, and those who are uncorrupted by urban society, esp. those simple rustic people, can communicate directly with nature which gives them power, peace, and happiness.

  21. Walter Scott(1771 --- 1832) Born --- in a lawyer’s family in Edinburgh, Scotland Education --- practiced law in Edinburgh Interest --- collecting the ballads of the old times His works --- Minstrelsey of the Scottish Border The Lady of the Last Minstrel(1805) Narrative poems Marmion(1808) The Lady of the Lake(1810)

  22. After Byron published his Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage in 1812, he gave up writing poetry and turned to novels. His Novels 30 long historical novels 3 groups: 1. Scottish subject Waverley(1812) his first novel Guy Mannering Rob Roy

  23. 2. English subject Ivanhoe his first novel of English subject Kenilworth Wood stock 3. European subject Quentin Durward

  24. Scott’s Contribution • He is the father of historical novels. • He is the first novelist to make use of scene to hasten dramatic atmosphere. • His novels on a vast scale covering a wide age of action. • In his novel historical events are closely linked with the facts of individuals. • In his novel he describes the lives of both the upper classes and the lower classes. He is respected by many readers.

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