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E mbedded C omputing and Software Platform for Wireless Networks

E mbedded C omputing and Software Platform for Wireless Networks. Prof. Zhaohui Wu, Ph.D College of Computer Science Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R.China. Outline. Embedded Software in China Embedded Software Industry in China: Status and Challenges

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E mbedded C omputing and Software Platform for Wireless Networks

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  1. Embedded Computing and Software Platform for Wireless Networks Prof. Zhaohui Wu, Ph.D College of Computer Science Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R.China

  2. Outline • Embedded Software in China • Embedded Software Industry in China: Status and Challenges • Key R&D Projects about Embedded Software in China: 863 plan on software subject • Embedded Computing: Status and Trend • Sensor Networks are new Challenges • Application Opportunity • Technical Challenges for Embedded Computing • Our Works on Embedded Software for SmartPhone Computing and Sensor Network

  3. Software Market in China (2004y) • Package software(478亿元, 478,000,000,000) • System Software（89亿元,89,000,000,000） • OS（44.19亿元, 44190,000,000） • Database Management System（20.06亿元, 20060,000,000） • Software tools（25.71亿元, 25710,000,000） • MiddleWare （6.98亿元, 6980,000,000） • Application Software（304.53亿元,304,530,000,000） • General Application Software（Security 、OA、MIS、Game Software、CAI） • Domain-Special Application Software（Telecom、finance、government ） • Embedded Software（673.62亿元, 673,620,000,000） • Software Service and System Integration （937.48亿元,937,480,000,000）

  4. Embedded Software Market in China(1)

  5. Embedded Software Market in China(2)

  6. Embedded Software in China : Summary • The industry of embedded software is growing dramatically and plays a more and more important roles in software industry of China. • The biggest market of Embedded Software is Telecom, including cell-phone, switch-class and Router-class devices. • The three new domains for Embedded Software in next 5 years in China: Smart-phone(ep. For 3G), IPTV, and e-auto

  7. Embedded Software on mobile-phone

  8. Embedded Software: various Hand-held Devices within wireless connection for mobile computing Pocket PC Tablet PC Phone PC Desktop PC Wrist PC 无线连接

  9. Embedded Software on IPTV devices

  10. Home-internet: new kind network for e-home IA LCD TV Video Transmitter Digital Media Adapter Wireless Video Router PC MP3 Player IP Camera Personal Video Player Digital Home Renderer (DHR) Devices • Digital Home Server • (DHS) Devices • Transparent Connectivity • Wi-Fi / Wireless Protocol • Internet Protocol (IP) • Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) • Infrared Connectivity • Streaming Media • Multimedia Center • DVD Player • Personal Video Recorder • Home Gateway • Media Storage

  11. Embedded Software on Auto-electron

  12. Embedded Software: mesh network for e-Auto 汽车电子：占整车价值的45%； 围绕嵌入式LAN的改造是未来汽车电子发展的趋势

  13. The market of Embedded Software for Medical Device is also huge, wireless embedded network for Medical Device will have a new chance • Medical • Xray system – Dicom, Imaging • Biomedical Instrumentation • Medical Infusion Pump

  14. Embedded Software for Wearable Computing will become more important in future: body wireless network

  15. 汽车电子 信息电 器 智能手机 通信设备 应用示范 面向领域的嵌入式 软件平台 应用软件层 开源社区 测试体系 技术标准 网络软件 运行环境 网络软件 开发环境 中间件软件层 嵌入式 操作系统 基础软件层 办公软件 数据库管理系统 服务器操作系统 桌面操作系统 Overview about 863 plan on software subject

  16. The Goal and Tasks for 863 subject on Embedded Software • Real-time Embedded OS and Component Ware • Application-Specific Embedded Software Platform • For Telecom, for e-home and e-Auto • Telecom-Oriented Embedded Software Platform funded by 863 in the amount of 80,000,000RMByuan • Cell-phone or smart-phone • Switch-class Telecom Device • Router-class Telecom Device • Software Platform for new era network such as Ad hoc and Sensor Network will be considered next 5 years

  17. 863手机嵌入式软件联盟

  18. 863手机嵌入式软件联盟CMSTA • 联盟宗旨 • 嵌入式操作系统及软件平台的产业化, 形成面向手机产业链的技术辐射型联盟组织CMSTA （www.cmsta.org, 也称863手机软件技术联盟）； • 联盟模式 • 独裁制: WinTel 产业联盟 • 联邦制: OMG联盟 • 联合国制: W3C, GGF • 组织形式 • 联合国型：轮值主持 • 技术辐射型联盟：技术辐射产业 • 开放性的工作组：动态运作 • 主要任务 • 共同制定共性规范接口与数据交换格式， • 研制平台，实现技术共享与知识产权保护， • 推动联盟单位互补双赢合作 手机嵌入式软件产业链

  19. 863手机嵌入式软件联盟的主要工作 • 联盟工作 • 2003年4月科技部领导提议，2003年8月四家单位发起成立 • 目前联盟单位36个： • 手机厂商：12家（中兴通信、波导股份、普天东信、海尔通信、TCL移动通信、联想移动、南方高科、海信通讯、大唐移动、华为科技、康佳、科健） • 操作系统厂商：3家（凯思Hopen，科银京成Delta，SmartOs） • 应用软件厂商：16家（汉王科技、中科模识、茁壮网络等）； • 运营商: 2家(中国移动、联通) • 手机设计集成商：德信无线 • 召开联盟全会及工作组会议21次 • 制定了二个规范 • 863手机软件联盟CMSTA的嵌入式基础平台软件参考模型与规范接口（推行版 1.0.4） • 制定了手机软件联盟CMSTA的API符合性认证规范(A/B/C三级认证)

  20. Trend of Embedded Computing • Embedded OS: • More tiny and flexible, component ware, • real-time, high-performance, high reliability, More Security • Power Aware Support: Just In time Power • Development Environment IDE for Embedded Software: • Model-based Design • Visualization • Integration

  21. Trend of Embedded Computing • Embedded Software Platform • Domain Specific Platform • Open Standardization • Common Component Builder • Open Source Driver • Java/Linux based Solutions • Systematism Driver • Integration of OS, Embedded Middleware, and Domain-Specific Platform

  22. Trend of Embedded Computing • New areas: new challenges • SOC(System on Chip): SoC and IP create new opportunities for embedded software industry. • Internet integration: Deep-Embedded Network • Sensor Network and Ad hoc network: upset-kind network need a new genus of embedded software • Ubiquitous Computing Environment and Smart World

  23. Sensor Network: Ongoing features and Goals • Tight constraints • Computation power • Storage • Power supply • Traffic pattern • Little activity in life period • Tense traffic in short time • Highly correlated traffic • Environment • Dynamic changing

  24. Potential Applications • Biomedicine • Surgically implanted sensors monitoring a patient’s health • Environmental monitoring • Forest fire monitoring • Local temperature gradients • Spatially correlated temperature gradients • Hazardous environment exploration • Chemical concentrations • Monitoring safety of children in neighborhood • Military tracking, targeting • Intrusion detection, identification (acoustic, imaging sensors) • Spatially correlated troop, tank movement (seismic sensors) • Monitoring foot paths: “Smart breadcrumbs” • Inventory control • Monitoring location of valuables in home • Tracking inventory in ship-board containers

  25. Technical Challenges for Embedded Software • Tight resource constraints • Energy • Communications range, bandwidth • Computation, storage (but not as constrained as energy and communications – computation is often used to reduce communication) • Dynamically changing bandwidth, range, and computation power • Dynamically changing network topology • Battery depletion • Node failure • Node mobility • Unreliable links (noise, jamming) • Interactions • Computation constraints lead to uneven power depletion which leads to network topology changes • Correlated bursts of traffic across neighboring nodes -- not a collection of independent point-to-point flows – violating the design assumptions of common media access protocols

  26. Ongoing Projects in Our Lab • SMART: Our Vision about Embedded Computing and Systems • SmartOS: Embedded Software infrastructure for Smart-phone Computing • SmartScud: A Context-Aware Lightweight Embedded Software Platform for Sensor Network

  27. SMART：Our Vision • SMART (Sub-coMponet ARchiteTure) • Guidelines • Embedded systems based on components of thin-granularity • flexible, optimized and customized • Objectives • high-quality codes • high reliability • real-time • customized applications • Application-specific OS • SMARTOS: An CMSTA-compatible Embedded OS for Smartphone • SMARTOSEK: An Tiny OS for Senor Network

  28. SMART Reference Model of SmartPhone System

  29. Embedded Operating System • SMARTOS • Highly reliable & component-based embedded OS • ASOS (Application Specific OS) Model • "Pipeline kernel" of 3rd-generation micro-kernel • CMSTA-compatible

  30. Cross-platform IDE • Model-based Design Tools • Model • Visualization • SMART-IDE • Editor • Linker • Debugger • Simulating environment • Plug-in toolkit • Memory leaking analyzing tools • Coverage checking tools • Performance measuring tools • Static code checking tools

  31. Embedded DBMS • Concurrent control • Real-time transaction commit protocol • Data migration • Online data update • Database backup and recovery tools • Memory-resident DBMS • Flexibility design of DBMS

  32. Embedded Multimedia • Multimedia network communication protocol stack component library • Multimedia network communication device • 26 BREW cellular phone games • Embedded OS based audio, video, stream media support • MP3

  33. Cooperative Enterprises • Bird(波导) Start(实达) • UTStartcom（UT斯达康） EASTCOM（东信） • Huawei technology(华为) Ningbo Samsung（宁波三星） • ZTE（中兴） General Electric(美国通用电气) • Putian（普天） Mitsubishi（三菱） • Holly Group(华立) Supor（苏泊尔） • DITEL （迪科） • SOYEA technology（数源科技）

  34. Cellular Phones

  35. DSP-based Video phone

  36. PDAs

  37. IP TV: internet-based Digital TV

  38. SmartScud: Lightweight Embedded Software Platform for Sensor Network • SmartScud • SmartOSEK: Tiny OS for Sensor Network • ScudWare: Lightweight Middleware for Sensor Network • Routing Algorithms for Sensor Network • Applications • Demo for Smart Space for Driver • Further Applications on Environment Sensing and Monitoring

  39. SmartOSEK: embedded OS • Project abstract: OSEK-compliant Real-time Tiny Operating System Platform • Project features • Supporting three schedule schemes: • preemptive, non-preemptive • group-based preemptive scheduling. • The size of kernel <10k. • The context switch time is less than 10us. • Processors: • AT89C51、 Intel 196、 FreeScale MPC555、68HCS12、MSP430、Philips LPC2119、TI TMS320C2407、ADI Blackfin 533 etc.

  40. SmartOSEK IDE • SmartDesigner: the graphic modeling tool with graphic interface, component operation, automatic code generation and error detecting. • SmartOIL: the graphic configuration tool with configuration and parsing of OIL files, graphic scalability and customization of the system kernel. • SmartAnalyser: the graphic schedulability analysis tool. • SmartTracer: the graphic tool which traces the running processes of the OS kernel and enables users to observe the kernel status in a step-by-step manner.

  41. The Context-based Lightweight Middleware Architecture for Sensor Network • Project:ScudWare LightWeight Context-aware Reconfigurable Middleware • Project overview The project is oriented to the heterogonous sensor network computing environment in dynamic changing. Scudware has the the properties of configurability, reusability, security and is compliant to mini-CCM specification. The research focuses on adaptive scheme with non-monotone QoS requirements and restricted resource and context management system.

  42. Features of ScudWare • Component management • Service Construction and Programming Mechanism • Contextual infrastructure for Dynamically Changing Resource • Adaptive resource configuration

  43. Demo for Sensing SmartSpace of Driver • ZCCM-based design • CAN Bus control devices

  44. Routing Algorithms for Sensor Networks(1) • EDC[1]: An Event-Driven Clustering Routing Algorithm for Sensor Network • suitable for the event-driven static distributed Sensor Networks • ACHGT[2] :A Clustering Routing Algorithm Using Game-theoretic Techniques • Individual sensors of the algorithm are modeled as players to make decisions about whether electing to become cluster-head nodes by using node energy payoff functions to weigh their own costs and benefits. • This strategy can keep sensor nodes of lower remainder energy out of being used up quickly.

  45. Routing Algorithms for Sensor Networks(2) • CRAM[3]: An Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Algorithm using Multi-CHs-One-Cluster method for Sensor Networks • selects Multi-CH nodes in every cluster together as one CH node to perform data fusion and data transmission to the BS so as to improve energy efficiency and enhance data transmission reliability • Since one CH node in a cluster may be unreliable and cause energy losing in case of node failure or communication error.

  46. Thanks!

  47. Technical Challenges --Sensor Node Design • Simplicity • Cost • Battery power • battery replacement • Deployment • Resolution, accuracy, etc. • Data sampling rates • Clock sync

  48. Technical Challenges--Data communication and aggregation • Wired vs. wireless communication • Distances, bandwidth, multiple sensors • Shared vs. dedicated channel access  simple MAC protocol • Routing through multi-hop networks • Sensors are possibly stationary • Sensors go into “sleep mode” to conserve energy • Re-routing

  49. Technical Challenges--Sensor localization • Each device has an factory-configured ID • Network deployment is unplanned • Location determination • GPS-based • Triangulation • Etc.

  50. Technical Challenges-- Others • Security (integrity, authentication, confidentiality) • Data compression

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