1 / 25

Corruption

Corruption. Sten Str öm Sida/Asdi Embassy of Sweden, Managua. How Big Is The Problem?. USD 1 000 000 000 000 (USD 1 trillion) Each year…. 6 x Sweden’s Gvt debt 152 x Nicaragua’s public debt. Disposition:. What is corruption? (4-6)

amara
Download Presentation

Corruption

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Corruption Sten Ström Sida/Asdi Embassy of Sweden, Managua

  2. How Big Is The Problem? USD 1 000 000 000 000 (USD 1 trillion) Each year…. • 6 x Sweden’s Gvt debt • 152 x Nicaragua’s public debt

  3. Disposition: • What is corruption? (4-6) • How to fight corruption at various levels (7-13) • Corruption in procurement (14-16) • Corruption in Health Sector (17-18) • interaction with patient (19-20) • medical supplies (21-22) • resources management (23-25)

  4. What Is Corruption? • Misuse of entrusted power for private gain (Transparency International) • Institutions, corporations or individuals obtaining inappropriate gain through their position in operations, thereby causing damage or loss (Sida’s anti-corruption rule)

  5. Examples of Corruption (1) • Bribes (given and received) But also • Extortion • Favouritism and nepotism • Conflict of interests

  6. Examples of Corruption (2) • Embezzlement • Fraud • Illegal financing of political parties • Impunity

  7. Anti-corruption Work Four levels: • Individual officers • Organisation • Structures of the country • Global development/initiatives

  8. Individual Officers • Public Administration Acts • Organisational rules • Systems for internal control • Organisational atmosphere • (including examples, incentives, sanctions)

  9. In The Organization • Assessment of capacity and risk of corruption • Mitigate risks (in procurement and monitoring mechanisms: reporting, audit, information to target group) • Extra audits (not just financial/regularity) • Take action

  10. Structures of Country (1) • Financial management systems - plans (revenue forecasts, medium term) - budgets - international control - payment systems - revenue (tax, customs, etc) - accounting - audit - parliament’s scrutiny

  11. Structures of Country (2) • - statistical systems - cadastre - police, prosecutors and courts - ombudsmen - election processes incl. political parties - anti-corruption commissions - decentralisation processes

  12. Structures of Country (3) • Corruption studies and support to anti-corruption strategies • Independent media • Watchdog organisations (TI local chapter)

  13. Global Development • Ratification and implementation of UN:s anti-corruption convention, • Regional convention (Convención Interamericana Contra la Corrupción), • OECD regulations, etc • Support to international organisations, methods development, lobbying (www.transparency.org) (www.corisweb.org)

  14. Where Corruption Occurs in The Procurement Process • Decision to procure • Specifications in tender documents • Access to tender documents • Qualification of tenderer • Evaluation of tenders • Award decision • Contract negotiation and design • Contract administration/implementation

  15. Preventing Corruption In Contracting (1) • Controls can be expensive, ineffective and/or too late • No single solution for a complex problem - Laws and Institutions - Education/training - Access to information by media, watchdog NGOs - Codes of Ethics

  16. Preventing Corruption In Public Contract (2) • Based on transparency - Facilitate monitoring and participation - Encourage accountability • Integrity pacts, publish what you pay • OECD Convention- illegal bribing of foreign officials • Increase risk of detection and “cost” if caught • Change of attitudes

  17. Corruption in Health Sector - Causes and consequences • Imbalance in information • High degree of discretion • Low productivity without accountability • Decentralisation without monitoring • Vulnerability

  18. Corruption in Health Sector

  19. Health worker/patient interaction - problems • Informal payments • Private practices/self-referral • Training/accreditation • Health care fraud • Conflict of interest

  20. Health worker/patient interaction - actions • Salaries • Official user fees • Accountability, improved management • Code of ethics • Access to information • Voice based strategies

  21. Management of medical supplies - problems • Availability • Registration of drugs • Drug selection • Procurement • Distribution/misappropriation

  22. Management of medical supplies - actions • Regulatory authorities/procedures • List of essential medicines • WHO principles • Inventory control

  23. Resources management - problems • Budget process • Lack of accountability • Budget leakages • Multiple/large funding • Promotion

  24. Resources management - actions • Improved systems • Budget transparency, participation • Decentralisation • Privatisation • Tracking resource flows • WHO ethical guidelines • Information campaigns

  25. But most importantly…. How to create a ”public ethos” (civil servants), focussed more on public good than on personal gain ?

More Related