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The Renaissance

The Renaissance. Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014 . Period of change. This was a period of great change . Humanist thought triumphed over medieval scholasticism . The physical extent of the known world was expanded by voyages of discovery

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The Renaissance

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  1. The Renaissance Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014

  2. Periodofchange • Thiswas a periodofgreatchange. Humanistthoughttriumphedovermedievalscholasticism. The physicalextentof the known world wasexpandedbyvoyagesofdiscovery • The breaking down of Christian churchintoProtestant and Catholicradicallychanged personal and public life. • After the influenceofnorthenEuropeanhumanism spread byErasmusof Rotterdam, T. More and J. Colet; scholarsstartedtostudy the classicaltexts in the originallanguagetocultivate fine literature and ideas. TheirHumanisteducatorswishedtomakethemliterate in Latin and Greek, toreadtheologyfortheirfaith and classicsasguidesto public life. Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014

  3. Grammarschoolwere set up to educate boys in towns. Wehave the bornof the press. Printers and booksellersbecame more numerous. Suchliterarystudyalsoservedtoenrich and elevate the English language. • The population and the price offoodincreased in 16°th-century England. Therewasmobility, whetherbecauseofpoverty or religiouspersecution. The merchantfleet and navy, set up todefend England, expandedtradebeyondnorthenEuropeacross the Atlantic toSpanishdominions. Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014

  4. The Tudor Dynasty Henry Tudor defeated the last Yorkist Richard III, in the war of the Roses and Becameking Henry VII. Hewasnot a memberof the royaldynasty, so propaganda waswrittentosupport the Tudors. Thisdinastylastedonlythree generation so all the theTudorsmonarchswereconcernedwithligitimacy and security. Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014

  5. Henry VII Henry VII restored the reputationof the monarchasonewhorules, notmerelyreign. Heencouragedbothtrade, makingadvantageous commercial treaties, and clothindustry. Healsolaid the foundationof English navalpowerbyspendingmoney on the building ofships so that England couldhaveitsownmerchantfleetaswellasitsmilitarystrenght. Hesponsored the voyagefrom Bristol ofJhonCabot in 1497 wichletto the discoveryof The North American mainland. Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014

  6. Henry VIII Henry VII wassucceededbyhis son Henry VIII in 1509. Hisreignwasthatoftypical Renaissance Prince presidingover a cultured and splendid court. Hewasanaccomplishedmusician and linguist. The secondhalfofhisreignwas dominate by the Reformation. Hehadsixwivesand died in 1547. Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014

  7. The Reformation By1530 Henry VIII needed a male heir, buthis first wife , Catherine ofAragonwastoooldtogivhim a son. Shewashisbrother’s widow, so Henry VIII asked Pope Clement VII todeclarethismarriageinvalid. Clementdidnotwishtooffend the Emperor Charles , so herefused . Henry’s newmistresswaspregnant. Todivorce and re-marry, Henry set up the Church of England and wasexcommunicatedby the Pope. Henry declaredhimself “Supreme Head of the Church” in England bymeansof the Actofsupremacy. The King’s secretary Thomas Cromwelldissolved the monasteries and seizedtheirwealth. Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014

  8. EdwardVI On Henry’s death in 1547, his son, Edward, a scholarly , devoutbutsickly 9-year-old, became King as Edward VIbeforehisoldersisters. Hisuncle, Edward Seymour, became Lord Protector. The achievementofhisreignwa the ProtestantReformation. Giampaolo Palumbo- A.A. 2013-2014

  9. Mary I When Edward’s sister, wifeof the King ofSpain Philip II, became Queen as Mary I in 1553 shewasalreadymiddle-aged and determinedtorestore relations withRome and Spain. BothherattempttoreturncountrytoCatholicism and hermarriageprovedunpopoular. Sheearned the nickname “Bloody Mary” becauseof the numberofProtestantsthatwhereburnedforheresyduringherreign Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014

  10. Elizabeth I 1558 - 1603 Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014

  11. Elizabeth I succededhersister Mary in 1558 and became England’s mostpopoularruler. Hermainachievementwas the settlementof the religiousquestion. Catholicsconsideredherillegitimate and preferred Mary Queen ofScots, whobecame a focus ofrebellions. Elizabeth’s spiesalwaysfoundthem out. Elizabeth waswelleducatedand culturedand her court was more brilliantthenherfather’sWithcarefuldiplomacy, shebalanced the rivalpowerof France and Spain, usingherpossiblemarriageas a weapon Elizabeth avoided war foritsexpense, but, inevitably, therewas war withSpain. The SpanishArmadawasdefeatedby the weather and the superior design of English ships. Meanwhile, exploration and overseastradeexpanded, making England a commercial and seafaringpower. Some of the mostimportant English sea-captains are Françis Drake, Raleigh and Hawkins. Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014

  12. Virginia. Virginia officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state located in the South Atlantic region of the United States. The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony. Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution and joined the Confederacy in the American Civil War. The name "Virginia" may have been suggested then by Raleigh or Elizabeth, perhaps noting her status as the "Virgin Queen," and may also be related to a native phrase, "Wingandacoa," or name, "Wingina." Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014

  13. William Shakespeare. William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet. His extant works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, the authorship of some of which is uncertain. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014

  14. Life. Shakespeare wasborn at Stratford on Avon in April 1564 on 23 Apri. Hisfatherwas a yeoman; William was the eldest son and attended the localgrammarschoolwhichgavehim a thoroughgrounding in the useoflanguage and classicalauthors. hemarried Anne Hathawaywhenwasonlyeighteen and shewastwenty–six and withtheirdaughter. In 1584 heleftStratford and wentto London. Itwasreceivedintooneof the companies the in being, at first in a avrymeanrank; buthisadmirablewitsoondistinguishedhim, notasanactorbutasanexcellentwriter. After the supportof the Earlof Southampton in the 1593 becauseof the plague, hebecame a shareholder and the mainplaywrightof the mostsuccessful company ofactors in London: the Lord Chamberlain’s Menthat in 1599 built the Globe Theatre, wheremostofhisplayswereperformed. The latter part ofhis life wasspent in retirement at Stratford. Hediedwhenwas 52 yearsold and wasburied in the localchurch. Seven yearsafterhisdeath some ofhisfriendspublishedaneditionofthirty-sixof the plays in on volume: the famousFirst Folio Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014

  15. The Style: Sonnets The sonnets are almost all constructed from three quatrains, which are four-line stanzas, and a final couplet composed in iambic pentameter. This is also the meter used extensively in Shakespeare's plays. The rhyme scheme is ababcdcdefefgg. Sonnets using this scheme are known as Shakespearean sonnets. Often, the beginning of the third quatrain marks the volta ("turn"), or the line in which the mood of the poem shifts, and the poet expresses a revelation or epiphany. • When analysed as characters, the subjects of the sonnets are usually referred to as the Fair Youth, the Rival Poet, and the Dark Lady. The speaker expresses admiration for the Fair Youth's beauty, and later has an affair with the Dark Lady. It is not known whether the poems and their characters are fiction or autobiographical; scholars who find the sonnets to be autobiographical Giampaolo Palumbo - A.A. 2013/2014

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