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The Renaissance. The Renaissance. From around the period of the 1300-1500s Europe began a vast recovery from the Middle Ages and Black Plague. Europeans called this new age the Renaissance, meaning “rebirth” .
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The Renaissance • From around the period of the 1300-1500s Europe began a vast recovery from the Middle Ages and Black Plague. Europeans called this new age the Renaissance, meaning “rebirth” . • The Renaissance was a time of creativity and change in many areas, political, social, economic, and cultural. • The Renaissance first began in Italy, and would spread north to the rest of Europe. • The Italian cities survived the Middle ages, and in the north city-states like Florence, Milan, Venice, and Genoa grew into prosperous centers of trade and manufacturing.
The Renaissance • The period began with a rise in interest of the culture of ancient Rome. • The Renaissance was fueled by the middle class that emerged in the Middle Ages. • Wealthy and powerful merchants exerted both political and economic power, and helped to shape Italy during the Renaissance. • The merchants stressed upon the masses the need for education, individual achievement, and support of the arts.
Florence, Italy • Florence led Italy in the rebirth of European culture. • One family came to control most of the power in Renaissance Florence, the Medici. • In the 1400s, the Medici family organized a successful banking business. • The family ranked among the richest merchants and bankers in Europe. With money came political power.
A New World View • Due to the crushing realism of the Black Death, Medieval Europe focused on life after death, Renaissance thinkers explored the richness and variety of the human experience in the here and now. • At the center of the Renaissance was an intellectual movement known as humanism. • Humanism focused on worldly subjects rather than religious issues. • Humanists believed that education should stimulate a person's creative abilities.
Renaissance Art • Renaissance painters developed new techniques for painting and representing both humans and landscapes in a more realistic way. • Renaissance artists learned the rules of perspective. • By making distant objects smaller than those close to the viewers, artists could paint scenes that appeared three- dimensional • Just like painters, sculptors also studied their craft. • They would examine human anatomy and draw from live models. As a result, they were able to portray the human body more acculturate than medieval artists had done. • The three most celebrated Florentine masters were Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.
Leonardo da Vinci • Leonardo da Vinci is without a doubt the most famous man of the Renaissance period. • The term “Renaissance Man” was coined after his amazing ability to not only create painting, sculpture, and sketch masterpieces, but for his incredible inventions as well. • Work • His most famous work is of course the painting entitled the Mona Lisa, a portrait of a woman whose mysterious smile has baffled viewers for centuries. • His painting entitled “The Last Supper” , showing Christ and his apostles on the night before the Crucifixion is also a very famous and moving example of his work.
Leonardo’s Approach • Leonardo read about and dissected corpses to better understand the human body. • He did this in part to bring realism to his portraits, but also to satisfy his scientifically curious mind.
Michelangelo • Michelangelo was a sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet. • Work • Michelangelo is famous for his creation of the statue of David, the biblical shepherd who killed what appeared to be a giant, a man named Goliath. • The greatest project of Michelangelo was without a doubt the huge mural he painted on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. • For 4 years, the artist laid on his back on a wooden platform suspended a few inches below the chapel ceiling. • Michelangelo was also a talented architect. His most famous design was for the dome of St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome.
Raphael • Raphael is the third of the three great Renaissance artists. A little bit younger than Leonardo and Michelangelo, Raphael studied the works of both great masters. • In one of Raphael's most famous paintings, The School of Athens, Raphael pictured an imaginary gather of the great thinkers and scientist of history, such as Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates. To that famous roster, Raphael also included the faces of Michelangelo, Leonardo, and himself.
Italian Renaissance Writers • One of the most prominent Renaissance writers in Florence also happened to be one of the most controversial. • Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince which combined combined his personal experience of politics with his knowledge of the past to offer a guide to rulers on how to gain and maintain power. • In his book he urged rulers to use whatever methods necessary to achieve their goals. • His book went as far to explain that results were more important than keeping promises and remaining honest.
Document Analysis: The Prince • What does Machiavelli say about honesty? Faith? • According to Machiavelli, what traits does a good prince need?
“Everyone knows how praiseworthy it is for a ruler to keep his word and to live honestly and not be deceitful. Nevertheless, experience shows that princes (rulers) in our time who have done great things have cared little for honesty; they have known how to confuse men's minds with their cleverness and have finally defeated those who put their faith in honesty.” “A prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when to do so would be disadvantageous and when the reasons for making promises not longer exist.” “A prince should seem to be pious, faithful, humane, honest, religious, and to be so. But he should have his mind so prepared that when occasion requires, he is able to change to thee opposite.”
Northern Renaissance • The Renaissance eventually spread to northern Europe and began in present-day northern France, Belgium, and Netherlands. • Unlike Italy, northern Europe recovered more slowly from the ravages of the Black Death. Only after 1450 did the north enjoy the economic growth that had earlier supported the Renaissance in Italy.
Shakespeare • The most famous figure of Renaissance literature and perhaps the most famous author in world history, was the English poet and playwright William Shakespeare. • Shakespeare’s great plays include such titles as, Twelfth Night, Richard III, Romeo and Juliet, Taming of the Shrew, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Macbeth, and many more. • Shakespeare’s love of words vastly enriched the English language. More than 1,700 words appeared for the first time in his works, including bedroom, lonely, generous, gloomy, heartsick, hurry, and sneak.
Cervantes • The Renaissance in Spain in the early 1600s also led to the production of great works of literature. The best known Spanish work of this time is Don Quixote, by Miguel de Cervantes, an entertaining tale that mocks romantic notions of medieval chivalry. • The novel follows the adventures of Don Quixote, a foolish but idealistic knight, and Sancho Panza, his faithful servant.
The Printing Revolution • In 1456, Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany, printed the first complete edition of the Bible using the first printing press and printing inks in the West. • Within twenty years, the development of moveable type made book production even easier. • By 1500, more than 20 million volumes had been printed. • The printing revolution brought immense changes. Printed books were cheaper and easier to produce than hand-copied works. With books more readily available, more people learned to read.
Do Now Turn in the Unit 7 Work Packet Isaac Newton wrote, “If I have seen further [than others] it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.” What do you think he meant? Who might be some of the “giants” to whom Newton was referring?
Scientific Revolution Jigsaw Today you will work in small groups to research a specific scientist during the scientific revolution.
Scientists • Nicolaus Copernicus • Tycho Brahe • Johannes Kepler • Galileo Galilei • Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon • Isaac Newton
Roles • Leader/Editor: This student is in charge of organizing the final product of the project. The leader will make sure all group members are on task and contributing to the final goal. • 2 Researchers: These 2 students are in charge of finding information from handout and websites given by teacher. The researchers will work with the presentation manager in order to create a organized and informative presentation. • Presentation Manager: In charge of poster/presentation slide on Scientist. Job is to creatively organize material. • Timekeeper: Will keep track of time as a way to make sure all requirements are met. The timekeeper will assist other roles based on time and areas needed. • Presenter (All Members): All members of the group will have a voice during the presentation.
Requirements • Title • Scientist Background: Must include the years lived, where from, any additional background info. • Findings: What did your scientist discover? Be descriptive. • How did your scientist change the way people viewed the universe?/Why is your scientist important? • 3 Images • Resources (At least 3 resources are used to find information on scientist)
Exit Ticket Identify 3 ways in which your life today might have been different if the Scientific Revolution had never occurred.
