Ideologies

1. Ideologies

2. Feudalism and the Industrial Revolution • What was the world like prior to the Industrial Revolution? • Feudalist based social system in Europe and North America

3. Feudalism • The dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection

4. Social Ladder in Feudalist based system

5. Difference between Socialism and Liberalism • Socialism says that only by granting the state total economic and political power can economic progress and equality among citizens be attained. • Supporters of socialism assert that the state should wield total economic power by manipulating prices of goods and wages of workers.

6. Karl Marx • Karl Marx also used the term in political analysis. In the 19th century, Marx described feudalism as the economic situation coming before the rise of capitalism. • For Marx, what defined feudalism was that the power of the ruling class (the aristocracy) rested on their control of arable land, leading to a class society based upon the exploitation of the peasants who farm these lands, typically under serfdom.[26] Marx thus considered feudalism within a purely economic model.

7. Difference between Socialism and Liberalism • Classical liberalism says that the state should only take over an institution to ensure that citizens can freely benefit from that particular institution’s services. • Classical liberalism does not require the thorough enforcing of law and order to reach economic progress and equality.

8. Liberalism • a political orientation that favors social progress by reform and by changing laws rather than by revolution.

9. Liberalism cont. • The philosophers, sociologists, and economists of the eighteenth and the early part of the nineteenth century formulated a political program that served as a guide to social policy first in England and the United States, then on the European continent, and finally in the other parts of the inhabited world as well. • Nowhere was this program ever completely carried out. Even in England, which has been called the homeland of liberalism and the model liberal country, the proponents of liberal policies never succeeded in winning all their demands.

10. Socialism A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

11. Karl Marx • The philosopher, social scientist, historian and revolutionary, Karl Marx, was without a doubt the most influential socialist thinker to emerge from the 19th century

13. The Industrial Revolution • The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. Most notably, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. • In the two centuries following 1800, the world's average per capita income increased over tenfold, while the world's population increased over sixfold.

14. The Industrial Revolution • The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 1790s to 1860s where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times. It began in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spread throughout Western Europe, North America, Japan, and eventually the world

15. Changes in technology • The introduction of steam power fuelled primarily by coal, wider utilisation of water wheels and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in production capacity