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The health of children and the health of the elderly: implications for economic growth

The health of children and the health of the elderly: implications for economic growth. Alberto Palloni Institute for Policy Research Northwestern University. Plan of presentation I: prospects for healthy aging. Demographics: unusual aging process Unprecedented speed: mortality and fertility

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The health of children and the health of the elderly: implications for economic growth

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  1. The health of children and the health of the elderly: implications for economic growth Alberto Palloni Institute for Policy Research Northwestern University

  2. Plan of presentation I: prospects for healthy aging • Demographics: unusual aging process • Unprecedented speed: mortality and fertility • Remarkable Origin: connection early childhood and adult health • Erosion of traditional family • Fragile institutional context The demand for care

  3. Plan of presentation II: healthy children and economic growth • Early childhood health and acquisition of individual traits • Cognitive • Non cognitive • Socioeconomic achievement HUMAN K Human K Economic growth

  4. Plan of presentation I: prospects for healthy aging • Demographics: unusual aging process • Unprecedented speed: mortality and fertility • Remarkable Origin: connection early childhood and adult health • Erosion of traditional family • Fragile institutional context The demand for care

  5. Origins of aging • Proportion over 60 or 65: • CURRENT in fertility • PAST decreases older age mortality • Rate of growth over 60 or 65: • PAST fertility • PAST mortality decline in early childhood • PAST decreases older age mortality

  6. Aging is produced because proportions at older ages are too high

  7. Compressed aging: the rule of 1/4 • How long does it take for the proportion over 65 to go from 7 to 14 percent? • France: 115 years • China: 27 years • Brazil: 21 years • Thailand: 22 years

  8. Aging occurs because rate of growth of older population exceeds rate of growth of younger population

  9. Consequence for composition of elderly by health status:2000-2030 • Survival due to medical technology and public health NOT better standards of living • Higher average exposure to early childhood illnesses and poverty during childhood • Potential for worse health and disability

  10. Rapid aging: the rule of 17 • How long does it take for the population 65 and over to double its size?

  11. Peculiar aging: origin of elderly growth(2000-2030) • Growth of past birth cohorts: 10-15% • Past mortality decline 0 to 60:40-60% • Past motality decline 60+:15-20%

  12. The rule of 2/3 • About 2/3 of the growth of population over 65 between years 2000 and 2030 is due to early childhood mortality decline in the 1940-1970 period

  13. Effects • Higher prevalence of diabetes and CVD • In Mexico odds are increased by 20 to 40% • Higher levels of disability: • In Mexico odds are increased by 30 to 50% • Lower levels of healthy life expectancy • In Mexico decreases from 14 to about 11

  14. Plan of presentation I: prospects for healthy aging • Demographics: unusual aging process • Unprecedented speed: mortality and fertility • Remarkable Origin: connection early childhood and adult health • Erosion of traditional family • Fragile institutional context The demand for care

  15. The family • Demography of kin • Ideological context: intergenerational contract

  16. The supply of kin

  17. Ideological context • Changes of values regarding children • Is old age security motive waning? • The demise of the intergenerational contract

  18. Plan of presentation I: prospects for healthy aging • Demographics: unusual aging process • Unprecedented speed: mortality and fertility • Remarkable Origin: connection early childhood and adult health • Erosion of traditional family • Fragile institutional context The demand for care

  19. Institutional fragility • Lackluster aggregate economic performance • Diminished role of public sector or inexistent • Poverty • Inequality

  20. Plan of presentation II: healthy children and economic growth • Early childhood health and acquisition of individual traits • Cognitive • Non cognitive • Socioeconomic achievement Human K Economic growth

  21. The determinants of adult wages:and Human capital • Parental background (“wallets”) • Educational attainment • Cognitive (+non cognitive) traits • Early health

  22. Decomposition of effects of parental social class on sons’ social class

  23. Decomposition of effects of parental social class on sons’ social class

  24. Decomposition of effects of parental social class on sons’ social class

  25. Decomposition of effects of parental social class on sons’ social class

  26. Main inference • The effects of early health on wages are important but they also work through cognitive skills and non-cognitive traits. None are direct.

  27. Plan of presentation II: healthy children and economic growth • Early childhood health and acquisition of individual traits • Cognitive • Non cognitive • Socioeconomic achievement Human K Economic growth

  28. The dilemma: within family and in society at large • Old age related health expenditures: healthy aging • Future investments in child health: human capital and future economic growth

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