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Feudalism in Europe

Chapter 13 Section 2. Feudalism in Europe. European Invasion. The Carolingian Empire lasted through 800 AD and the last of it disappeared around 1000 AD Invasion came from all directions Muslims from the south Magyars from the east Vikings from the North. The Vikings.

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Feudalism in Europe

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  1. Chapter 13 Section 2 Feudalism in Europe

  2. European Invasion • The Carolingian Empire lasted through 800 AD and the last of it disappeared around 1000 AD • Invasion came from all directions • Muslims from the south • Magyars from the east • Vikings from the North

  3. The Vikings • Set sail from Scandinavia • Modern day Denmark, Norway, Sweden • Known was Northmen or Norsemen • Were Germanic in Origin • Often Violent in Nature • Eric Bloodaxe • ThorfinnSkullsplitter Gobber the Belch

  4. The Viking Success • The Longboat made them very successful • Could hold 300 warriors • Could sail both directions • Could sail in 3 feet of water fully loaded • Sail upriver and raid inland villages • Vikings were quick to raid and quick to leave • Gone before locals could defend

  5. Viking life • Also traders, farmers, and explorers • Journeyed far throughout Europe to get supplies and treasure and food in cold winter when they couldn’t farm. • Heart of Russia • Constantinople • And North America • Leif Ericson reached North America 500 years before Columbus • Adopted Christianity and a Climate Change lead to less raiding and more people staying in Scandinavia.

  6. The Magyars • As the Vikings declined Europe became the center of assaults. • Attacked from what is mainly from Hungary • Swept west through central Europe on horseback and attacked villages and monasteries • Covered Germany Italy and eastern France. • Didn’t settle conquered lands, just captured and enslaved the people.

  7. Muslim Invasion • Invaded from North Africa • Came through Italy and Spain • Originally came to settle in Europe • Later also came to plunder • Expert Seafarers and attacked many cities on the coasts of the Mediterranean sea.

  8. Impact of Invasions • Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims caused chaos • Most people lived in constant danger and fear. • Kings could not effectively protect their land from invasion • Central leadership began to fade • People started to looking to local leaders.

  9. New Order: Feudalism • In 911 a new organization formed when two former enemies faced each other in a peace agreement • Rollo – leader of Viking army • Charles the Simple – king of France • Agreed to grant Rollo land, the Northman land (Normandy), in return Rollo swore loyalty to the king. • Thus began a army, ruler combo – and the beginning of feudalism in Europe.

  10. Feudalism - Structure • Rulers and Warriors throughout Europe made agreements • Land to the Warrior, in return protection. • The system of Governing and Landholding – Feudalism • Very similar to the systems in China and Japan • Was based on rights and obligations between the lord and the warrior • The Lord (Landowner) Grants land (Fief) to the Warrior (Vassal). He then agrees to provide protection for the lord and the people in return

  11. System of the Feudal Pyramid • King • Wealthy Land owners • Nobles and Bishops • Knights • Defenders of the land in exchange for Feifs • Landless peasants • Worked the fields.

  12. Social Classes • Status determines a persons prestige and power • 3 groups of people • Those who fought • Nobles and knights • Those who Prayed • Men and women of the church • Those who Worked • The peasants • Usually inherited

  13. The Peasant • Majority of the Population was peasants • Most of them were Serfs • People who could not lawfully leave the place they were born • Not slaves but bound to the land • Could not be sold or bought • But their debt to the lord was paid by the work they did.

  14. The Manor • The lord’s Estate • The basic arrangement of the economy and living organization • Lord provided the serf with housing, farmland, and protection • Serf tended the fields and raised animals and maintained the land. • Certain days labor each week dedicated to the leaders jobs.

  15. A small world • Most people spent all their life on the manor and rarely traveled more than 25 miles from where they were born • World consisted of what you could see from the center of the fields • World contained the lords house, a church, workshops, and the homes of the village • 20 to 30 families • Streams and Mills were often found on the land.

  16. The Self Sufficient Community • Serfs and Peasants maintained and produced everything that people needed • Crops, milk, cheese, fuel, cloth, leather, and lumber • Purchased only the things they couldn’t produce from outside

  17. A Rough Life • Peasants paid a high price to live on the land and under protection of king. • Paid a tax on the grain ground in lords mill • If you tried to avoid it, it was a crime. • Paid a Wedding tax • Could only marry if it was approved by the lord. • After all the taxes they also owed a tithe to the church • One-tenth of their income. • Living conditions were also poor

  18. Living Conditions • Cottages were small and cramped • One to two rooms • Main room was for kitchen, eating, and household activities • bedroom • Straw for the floor to sleep on • Brought pigs inside to keep the floor warm • Daily activities were work, work, and more work. • Children worked as soon as they were old enough • Many didn’t live to be adults • Disease was high • Life span 35 years • Maintained that God had chosen their path in life.

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