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Land Use and Misuse Problems in Sudan By Mohamed Elamin Abdelrahman Nov. 2006

Land Use and Misuse Problems in Sudan By Mohamed Elamin Abdelrahman Nov. 2006.

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Land Use and Misuse Problems in Sudan By Mohamed Elamin Abdelrahman Nov. 2006

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  1. Land Use and Misuse Problems in SudanByMohamed Elamin AbdelrahmanNov. 2006

  2. 1-Sudan Area: 2,506.000 km2 . Extends over five agro-climatic zones .Highly diversified in all aspects. 65.4% of the population depend on natural resources to sustain their livelihoods.

  3. 1- Natural Resources –stock taking1.1-Geography: North east Africa.Based on climate and topography the country is divided into several geographical regions. 1.2- Climate: Rainfall -<25mm->1400mm/annum. Temp: >40oc in summer 10-20oc in winter.

  4. 1.3- Geology: -Basement complex is the most extensive formation (non-bearing).-Nubian sand stone, Umruwaba series and Elatshan are the most important water bearing formations.1.4-Soils: -UNESCO-FAO (1971) identified nearly 100 soil categories. Out of them:

  5. -Xerosols: Extensively used for grazing and cropping. -Arenosols: Found in western Sudan. Extensively used for cultivation. -Vertisols: The widest spread soil in Sudan. -Fluvisols: Found throughout the Nile Valley and the major Wadis.

  6. 1.5 Vegetation: Divided into5 main zones. Desert, Semi -desert, Low rainfall wood land savanna, High rainfall wood land savanna, Flood and Montane Zones. 1.6 wildlife. 1.7 Forestry. 1.8 Water Resources: -Surface Water (rivers, wadis and swamps). - Ground water.

  7. 2. Land use 2.1 Agriculture: -Nearly half of the country area is suitable for agriculture. -Only 8-10% is currently used. -Forms of Agric. : Traditional rain fed, Rain fed Mechanized farming, Irrigated agric. And associated activities as gum production.

  8. 2.2 Range and livestock:Much of Sudan surface area is more suitable for livestock grazing than cultivation. 3- Land Tenure - Land is central issue. Means for basic survival. Individual and tribal bride. Sources of potential exploitation and conflict.

  9. 3.1- Land Tenure Systems:+Traditional: The concept of the customary tribal homeland is the most important constituent. +Modern: Under which land is registered as private or state property. Most tribal lands were registered as state property resulting in so many conflicts.

  10. 3.2 Land tenure, rural poverty and conflicts:+Laws and land decrees have undermined the legal rights of the rural communities. +Land is subjected to privatization and commercial speculation that resulted in (modified land tenure systems, alienation of agro-pastoralists from their traditional homelands, competition and conflicts over land …etc.)

  11. 4- Misuse problems+Land related problems (Decline soil fertility, salinity, erosion, land degradation … etc). +Water related problems ( water shortage, quality, periodic hazards of floods and droughts). +people related problems (changing land tenure, land fragmentation, overgrazing, deforestation, conflicts)

  12. 5- Management systems+Government: The concept of natural resources management has evolved series of surveys and assessments. By 1946 Soil Conservation and Land use Department has established to study phenomena like desertification, land degradation, …

  13. +NGO’S: ( foreign and national in addition to CBO’S are deeply involved in natural resources management as part of their development pursuits. +Communities: - Realizing the importance of N.R conservation. -Jointly with government and NGO’S implementing development programmes.

  14. +In rural areas they own land and allocated according to individual needs. +Have their customary law and traditional conservation mechanisms

  15. 6-Conclusion The increase in population, environment changes, globalization of economies, high demand and competition for land resources, all these call for a whole new approach to land tenure and natural resource governance. For this reason we are trying to adopt land reform policies and laws through:

  16. -Democratization of land administration systems. -Community participation in designing new land rights systems. -Comprehensive and integrated resources management that suit the complex realities of Sudan environments. -Examination of the shortfalls of customary land tenure.

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