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ITCS 6010

ITCS 6010. SALT. SALT. Speech Application Language Tags (SALT) Speech interface markup language Extension of HTML and other markup languages Adds speech and telephony features to Web applications and services for both voice only and multimodal browsers. SALT Overview. SALT

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ITCS 6010

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  1. ITCS 6010 SALT

  2. SALT • Speech Application Language Tags (SALT) • Speech interface markup language • Extension of HTML and other markup languages • Adds speech and telephony features to Web applications and services for both voice only and multimodal browsers

  3. SALT Overview • SALT • Small set of XML elements • Elements have: • Attributes • DOM (Document Object Model) object properties • Events • Methods • Applies speech to source page when used in conjunction with source markup document

  4. SALT Design Principles • Clean integration of speech with Web pages • Leverages event-based DOM execution model of Web pages • Integrates cleanly into visual markup pages • Reuses knowledge and skill of Web developers • Does not reinvent page execution or programming models

  5. SALT Design Principles (cont’d) • Separation of speech interface from business logic and data • Individual markup language not directly extended • Provides separate layer extensible across different markup languages • Allows for loose or tight coupling of speech interface to underlying data structure • Enables reuse of speech and dialog components across pages and applications

  6. SALT Design Principles (cont’d) • Power and flexibility of programming model • SALT elements are simple and intuitive • Offer fine-level control of dialog execution through DOM event and scripting model • Leverages benefits of rich and well-understood execution environment

  7. SALT Design Principles (cont’d) • Reuses existing standards for grammar, speech output and semantic results • Range of devices • Designed for range of architectural scenarios • Not for particular device type

  8. SALT Design Principles (cont’d) • Minimal cost of authoring across modes and devices • Enables 2 important classes of application scenario • Multimodal • Visual page enhanced with speech interface on same device • Cross-modal • Single application page reused for different modes on different devices

  9. Top-level Elements • There are 4 main top-level elements: • <prompt …> • For speech synthesis and prompt playing • <listen …> • For speech recognition • <dtmf …> • For configuration and control of DTMF collection • <smex …> • For general purpose communication with platform components

  10. Top-level Elements • listen and DTMF elements • May contain <grammar> and <bind> elements • listen element • May contain <record> element

  11. <listen> Element • Used for speech input • Specifies grammars • Specifies means of dealing with speech recognition results • Used for recording spoken input • Handles speech events and configures recognizer properties • Activates/deactivates grammars • Starts/stops recognition

  12. <listen> Element (cont’d) • <listen> example <salt:listen id=“travel”> <salt:grammar src=“./city.xml” /> <salt:bind targetElement=“txtBoxOriginCity” value=“/result/origin_city” /> </salt:listen>

  13. <listen> Element (cont’d) • <listen> element • Can be executed with Start() method in script • Can be executed declaratively in scriptless environment • Handlers include events for: • Successful recognitions • Misrecognitions • Timeouts • Each recognition event can be configured via attributes for: • Timeout periods • Confidence thresholds

  14. <grammar> Element • Used to specify grammars • Inline or referenced • Multiple grammar elements may be used in single <listen> • Individual grammars may be activated/deactivated before recognition begins • Independent of grammar format • Will support at minimum XML form of W3C Speech Recognition Grammar Specification

  15. <bind> Element • Used to inspect result of recognition • Conditionally copies relevant portions to values in page • Multiple bind elements may be used in single <listen> • Recognition result returned in XML document form • Uses XPath syntax in value attribute • Uses and XML pattern query in test attribute

  16. <bind> Element (cont’d) • Value attribute • To reference particular node of result • Test attribute • To specify binding conditions • If condition evaluates to true, node content bound to page element specified by targetElement attribute

  17. <bind> Element Example • Recognition example <result text=“I’d like to go to London, please” confidence=“0.45”> <dest_city text=“to London” confidence=“0.55”> London</dest_city> </result> • <bind> code <input name=“txtBoxDestCity” type=“text” /> <salt:listen ….> <salt:bind targetElement=“txtBoxDestCity” value=“/result/dest_city” test=“/result/dest_city[@confidence &gt; 0.4]” /> </salt:listen>

  18. <record> Element • Used to specify audio recording parameters • Results may be processed with bind or scripted code

  19. <prompt> Element • Used to specify system output • Content may include: • Text • Speech output markup • Variable values • Links to audio files • Mix of any of the above

  20. <prompt> Element (cont’d) • Executed in 2 ways ways: • Declaratively on scriptless browser • By object methods in script • Contains methods to start, stop, pause and resume prompt playback, and alter speed and volume • Handlers include events for user barge-in, prompt-completion and internal ‘bookmarks’

  21. <prompt> Element Example <salt:prompt id=“ConfirmTravel”> So you want to travel from <salt:value targetElement=“txtBoxOriginCity” targetAttribute=“value” /> to <salt:value targetElement=“txtBoxDestCity” targetAttribute=“value” /> ? </salt:prompt>

  22. <dtmf> Element • Used to specify DTMF grammars in telephony applications • Deals with keypress input and other events • Executed declaratively or programmatically with start and stop commands

  23. <dtmf> Element (cont’d) • Main elements include <grammar> and <bind> • Holds resources for configuring DTMF collection process • Configured via attributes for configuring timeouts • Handlers include keypress events, valid dtmf sequences and out-of-grammar input

  24. <dtmf> Element Example <salt:dtmf id=“dtmfPhoneNumber”> <salt:grammar src=“7digits.gram” /> <salt:bind value=“/result/phoneNumber” targetElement=“iptPhoneNumber” /> </salt:dtmf>

  25. Event writing • SALT elements contain methods, properties and event handlers accessible to script • Enable interaction with other events and processes in Web page • Because SALT elements are XML objects in DOM of page

  26. Event writing (cont’d) • Top-level elements contain asynchronous methods for initiation and completion of execution • Contain properties • For configuration and result storing • Event handlers • For events associated with speech

  27. Event writing • onReco • Event fired when recognition results successfully returned • onBargein • Event fired on prompt element if user input received during prompt playback

  28. Code Examples <input name=“txtBoxDestCity” type=“text” onclick=“recoDestCity.Start()” /> <salt:listen id="recoDestCity">     <salt:grammar src="city.xml" />     <salt:bind targetElement="txtBoxDestCity"                value="/result/city" />   </salt:listen>

  29. Code Examples (cont’d) <input type="button" onclick="recoFromTo.Start()" value="Say From and To Cities" /> <input name="txtBoxOriginCity" type="text" /> <input name="txtBoxDestCity"   type="text" /> <salt:listen id="recoFromTo">     <salt:grammar src="FromToCity.xml" />     <salt:bind targetElement="txtBoxOriginCity"                value="/result/originCity" />     <salt:bind targetElement="txtBoxDestCity"                value="/result/destCity" />   </salt:listen>

  30. <!—- HTML --> <html xmlns:salt="urn:saltforum.org/schemas/020124">   <body onload="RunAsk()">   <form id="travelForm">    <input name="txtBoxOriginCity" type="text" />    <input name="txtBoxDestCity" type="text" />   </form> <!—- Speech Application Language Tags -->   <salt:prompt id="askOriginCity"> Where would you like to leave from? </salt:prompt>   <salt:prompt id="askDestCity">   Where would you like to go to?      </salt:prompt>   <salt:prompt id="sayDidntUnderstand" onComplete="runAsk()">  Sorry, I didn't understand.     </salt:prompt>   <salt:listen id="recoOriginCity" onReco="procOriginCity()" onNoReco="sayDidntUnderstand.Start()">             <salt:grammar src="city.xml" />   </salt:listen>   <salt:listen id="recoDestCity"  onReco="procDestCity()" onNoReco="sayDidntUnderstand.Start()">             <salt:grammar src="city.xml" />   </salt:listen> <!—- script -->   <script>     function RunAsk() {       if (travelForm.txtBoxOriginCity.value=="") {         askOriginCity.Start();         recoOriginCity.Start();       } else if (travelForm.txtBoxDestCity.value=="") {         askDestCity.Start();         recoDestCity.Start();       }     }     function procOriginCity() {       travelForm.txtBoxOriginCity.value = recoOriginCity.text;        RunAsk();      }     function procDestCity() {       travelForm.txtBoxDestCity.value = recoDestCity.text;       travelForm.submit();      }   </script>  </body> </html>

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