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The Integumentary System

The Integumentary System. What Covers You. Integumentary System. The Integumentary System includes all the external coverings of the body including the skin, nails and hair. The skin is the largest organ in your body. Functions of the Skin.

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The Integumentary System

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  1. The Integumentary System What Covers You

  2. Integumentary System • The Integumentary System includes all the external coverings of the body including the skin, nails and hair. • The skin is the largest organ in your body.

  3. Functions of the Skin • Skin covers your bones and muscles and protects them from the external environment. • It protects the cells and tissues under the skin from damage. • Skin is the first line of defense against dirt, bacteria, viruses, and other substances that might enter the body.

  4. Functions of the Skin (cont.) • Sensory receptors are special cells in your skin that detect texture and temperature and sense pain. • The more sensory receptors there are in an area of skin, the more sensitive it is.

  5. Functions of the Skin (cont.) • Skin helps control body temperature. • Skin lowers your body temperature by producing sweat, which evaporates and allows excess thermal energy to leave the body. • Skin also lowers body temperature by releasing thermal energy from blood vessels. • If your skin is exposed to sunlight, it can make vitamin D which helps it absorb calcium and phosphorous to promote bone growth.

  6. Functions of the Skin (cont.) • The skin helps to eliminate waste products produced by normal cellular processes. • Water, salts, and other waste products are removed through the pores.

  7. Structures of the Skin: Epidermis • The epidermisis the outermost layer of skin and the only layer in direct contact with the outside environment. • Cells of the epidermis are constantly shed and replaced by new cells. • The epidermis produces melanin,which is a pigment that protects the body by absorbing some of the Sun’s damaging ultraviolet rays.

  8. Structures of the Skin: Dermis • The dermisis the thick layer of skin beneath the epidermis that gives skin strength, nourishment, and flexibility. • The dermis contains sweat glands, blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and muscles.

  9. Structures of the Skin: Fatty Layer • The fatty layer is the innermost layer of skin which insulates the body, acts as protective padding, and stores energy.

  10. Skin Injuries: Bruises • A bruiseis an injury where blood vessels in the skin are broken, but the skin is not cut or opened. • The broken blood vessels release blood into the surrounding tissue.

  11. Skin Injuries: Cuts • When you break one or more layers of skin, it is called a cut. • The released blood of a cut will usually thicken and form a scab over the cut which prevents dirt and other outside substances from entering the body. • Skin heals by producing new skin cells that eventually repair the cut.

  12. Skin Injuries: Burns • A burn is an injury to skin caused by contact with hot objects, extremely cold objects, chemicals, radiation, electricity, or friction. • Burns are classified by the depth of damage to the skin as first-degree, second-degree, or third-degree burns.

  13. Degrees of Burns: First

  14. Degree of Burns: Second

  15. Degree of Burns: Third

  16. Healthy Skin • Protecting skin from the ultraviolet rays in sunlight and eating a balanced diet are two ways to help keep skin healthy.

  17. The Skin and Homeostasis • Skin can make vitamin D and protect the body from outside substances, which helps regulate the body’s internal environment. • Skin and the circulatory system help cool the body when it becomes overheated. • If the body becomes cold, blood vessels constrict and reduce thermal energy loss.

  18. System Working Together • The skin, the nervous system, and the muscular system work together to maintain homeostasis.

  19. Hair & Nails • A hair forms at the bottom of a tiny sac called a hair follicle. Hair helps protect skin from ultraviolet light and helps regulate body temperature in most mammals. • A nail grows from living cells in the nail root at the base of the nail. Nails protect the tips of your fingers and toes.

  20. Lesson Review Questions: 1 What is the name of the pigment that protects the body by absorbing some of the Sun’s ultraviolet rays? • Sweat • Vitamin D • Melanin • Skin

  21. Lesson Review Questions: 2 A bruise is the result of breaking which of these? • Epidermis • BloodVessel • Dermis • Scab

  22. Lesson Review Questions: 3 What is the name of the thick layer of skin beneath the epidermis that gives skin strength, nourishment, and flexibility? • Melanin • Fatty Layer • Integumentary System • Dermis

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