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Module 17 Sleep

Module 17 Sleep. Sleep. 1/3 of our lives Behavioral state Not a straightforward definition; reduction in physical activity, decreased response to stimuli, customary posture, easily reversible. Why do we sleep?.

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Module 17 Sleep

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  1. Module 17 Sleep

  2. Sleep • 1/3 of our lives • Behavioral state • Not a straightforward definition; reduction in physical activity, decreased response to stimuli, customary posture, easily reversible.

  3. Why do we sleep? • What evidence would a scientist need to determine the function/functions of sleep? • What is the best method for studying the function/functions of sleep?

  4. Fatal Familial Insomnia http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIeTVVAEFn8

  5. Sleepiness is Associated With… • Difficulty Concentrating • Memory Lapses • Loss of Energy • Fatigue • Lethargy • Emotional Instability

  6. Functions of Sleep Theories • #1 Restoration/Recovery of Body Systems • #2 Energy Conservation • #3 Memory Consolidation • #4 Protection from Predation • #5 Brain Development • #6 Discharge of Emotions

  7. How much sleep do you need? • You will probably spend 25 years sleeping! • What is your individual sleep need? (short sleeper vs. medium vs. long) • What is microsleep? How good are naps? • Do all species sleep?

  8. Some Biological mechanisms involved • Hypothalamus –regulates body temperature and contains the “master switch for sleep” • Reticular formation and Pons – most likely respond to the hypothalamus and then shut down our attention • Thalamus – possibly coordinates brain wave activity(don’t forget pineal gland and melatonin!)

  9. Measurements taken in a sleep lab Waves measured in frequency: cycles per second (cps) and in amplitude: the degree of the voltage changes from one location to another at that moment (EOG = eye movements)

  10. Waking brain waves • Beta waves = alert and focused • Small in amplitude and fast in frequency (14 – 25 cycles per second) • Alpha waves = about to fall asleep; relaxed and thoughts drift • Larger and slower than beta waves (8 – 12 cycles per second)

  11. Sleeping brain waves 80 % of sleep is NREM; 20 % is REM

  12. Can you detect the shift?

  13. Stage 1 aka Light Sleep • Heart slows; breathing may become irregular; muscles relax… *Hypnic jerk and hypnagogic trance • Waves are small and irregular mixed with some alpha waves • If you are awoken…

  14. Hypnagogic Monument Melting Clock Salvador Dali Swans Reflecting Elephants

  15. Stage 2 • Body temperature drops further • Sleep spindles appear (high frequency clusters) • If you are awoken…

  16. Stage 3 • Delta waves start to appear (resemble coma EEG) =deep sleep *Largest and slowest waves (less than 4 cycles per second)

  17. Stage 4 aka deep sleep • Around 1 hour • Almost pure delta waves • Most oblivious to external stimuli • From stage 4 you go to stage 3 to stage 2 to REM

  18. NREM vs. REM

  19. REM • Paradoxical sleep – body is physiologically very aroused but voluntary muscles are paralyzed • Blood pressure and breathing wavers; sexual arousal (in terms of blood flow changes) • Waves are like beta waves; high frequency and low amplitude

  20. How many cycles do you go through?

  21. When do you have the most deep sleep and when do you have the most REM?

  22. Chart of NREM vs. REM • Quantity of dreaming? • Type of dream? • Wave types? • Increases after? • Body paralysis? • Timing in sleep cycle? • Eye movements?

  23. Changes in sleep needs over a life time

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