1 / 38

Government & Infrastructure

Government & Infrastructure. Natalie Busta, Tyler Pfohl , Adam Reiss, & Allie Schmalz. Overview. Definitions of “urban” and “city” Types of local government. Definitions.

akina
Download Presentation

Government & Infrastructure

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Government & Infrastructure Natalie Busta, Tyler Pfohl, Adam Reiss, & Allie Schmalz

  2. Overview • Definitions of “urban” and “city” • Types of local government

  3. Definitions • Urban area – an area containing a central, large population and communities close by that are economically associated with that nucleus. • Population density • City – “and incorporated municipality, usually governed by a mayor and a board of council men.” (Dictionary.com) • Legal definition & geographic boundaries

  4. Local Government • 2 tiers • Counties • Municipalities (Cities, towns) • Population center • Vary in size • Responsibility for parks, police and fire departments, housing services, emergency medical services, municipal courts, transportation services, and public works • The state must grant power to local governments. • City officials are directly elected (“State and Local Government”)

  5. Types of Municipal Governments • Council – Manager • City council oversees administration, makes policies and sets budgets • Council appoints a city manager • Day-to-day administrative operations. • Mayor is chosen from the council on a rotating basis (“Forms of Municipal Government”, 2010).

  6. Types of Municipal Governments • Mayor – Council • Mayor elected separately from the council and holds executive powers • Council is elected and holds legislative powers (“Forms of Municipal Government”, 2010).

  7. Types of Municipal Governments • Commission (legislative and executive) • Voters elect commissioners to a governing board • Each commissioner oversees as specific aspect (fire, police, health, etc.) • One commissioner is designated as mayor (“Forms of Municipal Government”, 2010).

  8. Types of Municipal Governments • Town Meeting (5% of U.S. municipalities) • All voters meet to decide on policies and officials are elected to carry out the policies • Representative Town Meeting (1% of U.S. municipalities) • Representatives selected via voters • Representatives attend town meetings and discuss issues • Select individuals are responsible for implementing policies decided on (“Forms of Municipal Governemnt, 2010).

  9. Local Government • Chicago’s City Government (Mayor-Council) • City wide officials (Executive branch): • Mayor, Clerk & Treasurer • Chicago City Council = Legislative branch • 50 members – one from each ward • Ward = municipal legislative district • Essential for development of cultural identities of neighborhoods (Mayfield, 2004)

  10. Local Governments • Phoenix, AZ (Council-Manager) • City council oversees administration, makes policies and sets budgets • Council appoints a city manager • Day-to-day administrative operations (National League of Cities, 2010). • Phoenix’s city manager oversees 40 departments and major city functions • Works closely with the mayor and city council to provide services and pass ordinances (“How Your City Works”, 2012)

  11. Latinos as a percent of eligible voters, by congressional district, 2008 • National Average = 8% (2010) • 47% of eligible actually voted (national average= 63.8%)

  12. CURRENT REGISTERED LATINO VOTERS

  13. TOP ISSUES AMONG LATINO VOTERS

  14. MARCO RUBIO

  15. SONIA SOTOMAYOR

  16. Los Angeles • Los Angeles Population: 3,800,000 • Latinos make up 48.5% of the population • Los Angeles housing make-up: • 38.2% owner-occupied • 61.8% public • Dubuque housing make-up: • 65.7% owner-occupied • 34.3% public • Neighborhood Councils

  17. Ethnic Enclaves • Chinatown • Historic Filipinotown • Koreatown • Little Armenia • Little Ethiopia • Thai Town

  18. Los Angeles Politics • 1960: Fewer than 10% Latino • Present day: Roughly 50% Latino • 1980s: Lines were drawn to stop Latinos from entering political positions • 1991: The lines were removed which led to the election of Gloria Molina to the Board of Supervisors • 1991: 18% of seats held by Latinos • 2009: 33% of seats held by Latinos

  19. Latino Politics • Latino immigrants and their children • Children old enough to vote now • Latino officials in Los Angeles: • Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa • 4City Council Members • California • 9 Latino State Senators • 17 Latino Assembly Members

  20. East Los Angeles (Region) • Region lays east of downtown Los Angeles and the Los Angeles River • “East L.A.” refers to the predominantly Hispanic descent communities in the region • Population shifts & Gentrification • White and Filipino residents to working-class and middle-class pockets • Drawn by architecture and schools • Affordable alternative

  21. East Los Angeles, CA

  22. East Los Angeles, CA • Unincorporated area in Los Angeles, CA • Population of 126,000 people • 97.1% Latino • No local government • Campaign for cityhood

  23. Public Services

  24. Examples

  25. Public Service Questions • What service? • What level of service should be provided? • Who should provide it? • How should it be paid for? • Who should it be provided to?

  26. Operational Level • Is it efficient? • Is it effective? • Is it equitable?

  27. Examples of Efficiency Measures forWaste Collection: • Cost per ton • Cost per household • Tons collected per man hour • Households serviced per man hour

  28. Examples of efficiency measures for mass transit: • Cost per passenger mile • Cost per vehicle mile • Number of passenger trips per employee

  29. How do you measure effectiveness? Healthcare- Mortality rates Education- Standardized test Fire prevention- Number of fires per capita Roads- Observation Other- Surveys

  30. Equity:Hawkins vs. Town of Shaw • 98% of unpaved streets were occupied by blacks • 19% of black homes were not served by sanitary sewers, compared to 1% of white households. • Court ruled violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment

  31. Equity Principals • Equal Payment • Equal Output • Equal Input • Equal Satisfaction of demand

  32. References Dictionary.com. Urban. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/urban. Dictionary.com. Urban. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/urban. Forms of Municipal Government. National League of Cities. Retrieved from http://www.nlc.org/build-skills networks/resources/cities-101/forms-of- municipal- government. How Your City Works. (2012). City of Phoenix. Retrieved from http://phoenix.gov/citygovernment/cityworks/index.html. Mayfield, L. (2005). Government, City of Chicago. Encyclopedia of Chicago. Retrieved from http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/532. html. State and Local Government. The White House. Retrieved from http://www.whitehouse.gov/our-government/state-and-local- government

  33. References cont. "As Deportations Rise to Record Levels, Most Latinos Oppose Obama's Policy." VII. Views of the Political Parties and Party Identification. Web. 10 May 2012. http://www.pewhispanic.org/2011/12/28/vii-views-of-the- political-parties-and-party-identification/ "Latinos and the 2010 Elections: Strong Support for Democrats; Weak Voter Motivation."Pew Hispanic Center. Web. 10 May 2012. http://www.pewhispanic.org/2010/10/05/latinos-and-the-2010- elections-strong-support-for-democrats-weak-voter-motivation/ “Hispanics and the 2008 Election: AA Swing Vote?” Taylor, Paul and Fry, Richard. 2007. Pew Hispanic Center. "U.S. Senator for Florida, Marco Rubio." U.S. Senator for Florida, Marco Rubio. Web. 10 May 2012. http://www.rubio.senate.gov/public/ "Background on Judge Sonia Sotomayor | The White House." Background on Judge Sonia Sotomayor | The White House. Web. 10 May 2012. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Backgroun d-on-Judge-Sonia-Sotomayor>

More Related