1. Pronoun

1. 1. Pronoun a. Word used in place of one or more nouns b. Function (job) is to replace

2. b. After Autumn borrowed the book, she lost it.c. Ask Jordan if he has done his homework.

3. 2. Antecedent Word that a pronoun stands for or refers to Must be a noun Ex: Josh, have you turned in your report?

4. c. Sometimes the antecedent is not stated. Ex: It was hot outside today. ii. Ex: It is 1:45.

5. Circle the pronouns and draw arrows to their antecedents. a. “I want you to study,” Mr. Daley said to the class. b. The firefighter carefully adjusted her oxygen mask.

6. c. The children made lunch themselves.d. Amber and Ashley decided they would get popcorn, but Rachel didn’t want any.e. Dad said to let him know when Jenna came home.

7. 4. Pronouns must ALWAYS agree with their antecedents in number and gender. Agree – to go together Number – singular or plural Gender – masculine, feminine, or neuter

8. d. Ex: Curtis refuses to eat spinach. She doesn’t like it. e. Ex: Jessica always does Jessica’s homework after dinner.

9. 5. Personal Pronoun – type of pronoun that refers to: The one speaking: first person The one spoken to: second person The one spoken about: third person

10. Personal Pronouns

11. Pronouns must ALWAYS agree with their antecedents in number and gender.

12. A. If a person wanted to be a doctor, they must obtain a medical degree.B. A teacher must help their students. C. A welder must be careful with their tools. D. If a farmer is not dedicated to their farm, they will probably lose the farm.

13. E. Every carpenter is cautious about having a nail lodged in their foot.F. A writer should proofread _____________ work carefully. G. Writers should proofread ____________ work carefully.

14. 1. Shane’s chapstick is missing. 2. Jessica and Megan’s lunch table is a bunch of brigands. 3. This desk is Paige’s.

15. 6. Possessive Pronouns Personal pronouns that show ownership. Never have apostrophes. Circle the fourteen possessive pronouns on your personal pronoun chart.

16. d. Circle the possessive pronouns. We worked hard on our experiment. Montana’s sister helped with her research. I added up and analyzed all my data.

17. iv. Several of our fellow students congratulated us on the project. v. Montana was grateful for her sister’s help on the project.

18. 7. Reflexive/Intensive Pronouns

19. a. Reflexive Pronoun- directs the action of the verb back to the subject Always refers to the sentence subject, therefore its antecedent is always the sentence subject. b. Ex: Adam enjoyed himself at the party. c. Ex: The team members prided themselves on their win.

20. b. Intensive Pronoun – emphasizes a noun or another pronoun in the sentence The sentence will survive if you remove the intensive pronoun. Ex: I myself cooked that delicious dinner. Ex: Did you redecorate the room yourself?

21. 8. Demonstrative Pronoun – points out a specific person, place, thing, or idea this, that, these, those Which refer to singular nouns? Plural nouns? Things that are far away? Things that are close by?

22. f. Ex: This is the book I told you about.g. Ex: Are these the new plants you ordered?

23. h. Demonstrative pronouns are sometimes used as adjectives. They are then called demonstrative adjectives. Ex: Those shoes are very sturdy. Ex: I love these kittens.

24. Demonstrative Pronoun or Adjective? 1. Those classes visited the botanical gardens. 2. Everyone enjoyed this week’s trip. 3. Those are particularly lovely

25. Demonstrative Pronoun or Adjective? 4. Have you seen these before? 5. This path leads to the greenhouse.

26. 9. Interrogative Pronoun Introduces a question

27. Interrogative Pronounswhat, which, who, whom, whose NOT interrogative pronouns: when, why, where, how

28. So, the 5W’s and H Are NOT all interrogative pronouns

29. c. What is the best pizza to order in town? d. Who wrote “The Cask of Amontillado?”

30. e. Who or whom? Who is used as a subject; it performs the action of the verb. *HINT: Replace “who” with “he/she.” *Who (he) wrote “The Cask of Amontillado?”

31. e. Who or whom? ii. Whom is used as an object; it receives the action of the verb. *It can also be the object of a preposition which is always the last word in a prepositional phrase. *HINT: Replace “whom” with “him/her.” *With whom is she attending the dance?

32. Remember how in seventh grade we learned to NEVER end a sentence with a preposition? Do you remember why? It’s because according to its definition, a preposition must always be followed by a noun or pronoun which acts as its object of the preposition?

33. It’s so you don’t say or write dumb sentences like these… Who are you going with? Who are you sending that to? Where does she live at?

34. Use “whom” to rearrange these dumb-dumb sentences into ones that make you sound smarter: Instead of: Who are you going with? Try: With whom are you going?

35. Now you try it. Instead of: Who are you sending that to? Try:

36. iii. Who is hiding behind that curtain?iv. I gave the money to Lee, who took it to the office. v. Whom do you want to win the Presidential election? vi. For whom is that gift?

37. Who or Whom?i. ___________will win the game?ii. __________ will bring the dessert?iii. Mr. Margie was a coach _______________ got results.iv. ___________ have you told?

38. Who or Whom?v. Mr. Zarger is the one _________ I came to see.vi. _________ is your favorite celebrity?vii. __________ did the teacher choose to distribute folders?viii. A good babysitter must be someone ________ likes children.ix. The job is open to anyone _________ can speak Spanish.

39. 10. Indefinite Pronoun *does not refer to a definite person, place, thing, or idea *frequently is used without antecedents

40. Indefinite Pronouns

41. For Example:b. Both of the girls forgot their lines.C. I would like some of that chow mein

42. d. Indefinite Pronouns can also be used as adjectives. Ex: Some people were offended by that movie.

43. e. The problem with indefinite pronouns is that it is difficult to tell whether they are singular or plural. Ex: Everybody has ________________ favorite team. ii. Ex: Anyone without _____________ money may not go on the trip.

44. Pronoun word that replaces a noun or another pronoun Examples: he, she, they, it, we, you, this, that, those, these

45. Relative Pronoun type of pronoun that introduces a subordinate clause Examples: who, whom, whose, which, that

46. Subordinate (Dependent) Clause *group of words that does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone. *must be joined with at least one independent clause to make a sentence and express a complete thought

47. Can begin with relative pronouns, or other words such as “since” or “if.”

48. Subordinate Clause Examples Since the day we met If the dress is too long That the teacher recommended

49. 1. We read a book that contained a story about settlers. 2. The settlers, who had written it, described their hardships. 3. The winter, which they knew would be harsh, was fast approaching.