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Chapter 11 The French Revolution Section 4- Napoleon’s Empire

Chapter 11 The French Revolution Section 4- Napoleon’s Empire. Terms dictatorship: A government headed by an absolute ruler. plebiscite: Direct popular vote on a program or issue. nationalism: Pride in one’s own nation; desire for independence. Napoleon Dictatorship

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Chapter 11 The French Revolution Section 4- Napoleon’s Empire

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  1. Chapter 11 The French RevolutionSection 4- Napoleon’s Empire

  2. Terms • dictatorship: A government headed by an absolute ruler. • plebiscite: Direct popular vote on a program or issue. • nationalism: Pride in one’s own nation; desire for independence.

  3. Napoleon Dictatorship • Government under absolute ruler. • Executive Branch- 3 members consisting of Consuls- Napoleon First Consul. • Education under Napoleon’s government • Creates technical schools • Secondary schools- lycees • Universities

  4. Napoleon Dictatorship con’t • Financial System • Creates Bank of France • Requires all citizens to pay taxes. • Collected taxes allowed govt to make business loans. • Brought inflation and high prices under control. • Supporters welcome Napoleon’s strong government. • 1802: Napoleon named himself Consul for life- approved by plebiscite.

  5. Napoleonic Code • To make French law clear, Napoleon had a new law code written. • Equality of all citizens before the law. • Advancement based on merit not on birthright. • Placed state above the individual • Limited freedom of speech & press. • Women lost many rights gained in Revolution. • Male heads of households given extensive authority over wives and minor children.

  6. Concordat of 1801 • Agreement between Napoleon & Pope Pius VII. • Acknowledged Catholicism while maintaining religious tolerance. • Pope agreed to loss of church lands. • Govt paid clergy salaries.

  7. Building an Empire • Military leadership • Forms Diplomatic alliances • Napoleon crowns himself Emperor in 1804

  8. Battle of Trafalgar • 1805: Napoleon attacks Great Britain’s Navy. • French navy defeated at Battle of Trafalgar- off the southern coast of Spain. • British Admiral, Lord Nelson, victorious. Died at end of battle.

  9. Economic Blockades • Napoleon tries to defeat British thru economic warfare (Continental System). • Continental System • Napoleon ordered all French-conquered nations to stop trade with British. • Required Russia & Prussia to go along with blockade of British goods. • Failed because British still controlled seas.

  10. Napoleonic Europe • 1812: France stretches to Russian border (had conquered Italy, Spain & Holland). • Napoleon abolishes the Holy Roman Empire. • Establishes Confederation of the Rhine (German States). • Prussia declares war- defeated by French. • Resentment by French-conquered nations prompts nationalism (loss of land, property, people to French army). They want own culture & traditions. Begin Revolts against France. • Spanish oust French under the command of Duke of Wellington (Arthur Wesley) & reinstate king and limited monarchy.

  11. Downfall of Empire • Russian Czar, Alexander I, withdrew from Continental System. • Napoleon invaded Russia and was defeated (400,000/600,000 French troops die). • 1813: Napoleon defeated by Russia, Prussia, Spain, Great Britain, Austria, Italy. • 1814: Napoleon abdicates as Emperor. Throne restored to Louis XVIII. • Napoleon exiled to Elba (island off Italy). • French borders returned to that of 1792.

  12. Downfall of Empire con’t • 1815: Napoleon returns and reigns during period ‘100 Days” and vows France wants no more land. • Prussia, Great Britain, Netherlands, under Duke of Wellington, fear Napoleon. Napoleon defeated at Waterloo (Austrian Netherlands). • Napoleon arrested • 1821: dies on island of St. Helena in South Atlantic.

  13. Enemies of Napoleon: Duke Wellington Czar Alexander 1st, WINNERS!!!

  14. neVER Attack Russia! They be chillin!

  15. Waterloo

  16. Napoleon’s Legacy • Spread ideas of equality. • Religious tolerance. • Advancement by merit not birth. • Uniformed standards of govt. • Reformed tax systems. • promoted education. • Improved agriculture and industry

  17. French people wanted to keep freedoms they fought for during Revolution and after Napoleon’s Empire.

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