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Protein Synthesis-How do we go from genotype to phenotype

Explore the process of protein synthesis, from the genotype to phenotype, including the differences between RNA and DNA, transcription, splicing, and translation.

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Protein Synthesis-How do we go from genotype to phenotype

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  1. Protein Synthesis-How do we go from genotype to phenotype

  2. Nucleic Acids Differences RNA DNA Double stranded helix Has Ts Stays only in the nucleus Deoxyribose sugar • Single strand • Has Us • Can leave the nucleus • Ribose sugar

  3. 3 types of RNA • Messenger RNA (mRNA)-is made by copying the DNA • Takes strand message to ribosome • Transfer RNA (tRNA)-carries the correct amino acid to the ribosome from the cytoplasm • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-makes up the ribosome

  4. Transcription • Where: Nucleus • What: takes the DNA message and makes mRNA • Why: DNA can’t leave the nucleus but the message must get to the ribosome • You are now using U’s no T’s. • RNA polymerase • Enzyme that brings in RNA nucleotides to match up with DNA

  5. TRANSCRIBE THESE ON YOUR NOTEGUIDE. • A T C A T T C G G G A T • C C A T T A C G G G A UAGUAAGCCCUA GGUAAUGCCCU

  6. SPLICING Before the mRNA can go to the ribosome, it needs to be spliced. • The junk (parts of the DNA that are noncoding regions) called introns need to be cut out. • Exons (coding regions) are then stuck together. This is the correct concise message.

  7. Translation • Where: ribosome • What: tRNA brings in amino acids to the ribosome • tRNA anticodon: 3 bases that are complementary to mRNA • All mRNA start with the codon AUG • Protein Synthesis stops when a stop codon is reached.

  8. What determines what amino acid is attached to the tRNA? • Is it mRNA or tRNA? mRNA

  9. Watch the animation. http://www.wisc- online.com/objects/index.asp?objID=AP1302

  10. Does it matter what order the amino acids are in? • The order of amino acids dictates the shape of the protein. • The shape determines the function of the protein. • Wrong order, wrong shape, no function • http://www.lew-port.com/10712041113402793/lib/10712041113402793/Animations/Protein%20Synthesis%20%20long.swf

  11. Write the anticodons for the codons • A U G C A U U A G G C C A U • C G A A U A C A G G A U UACGUAAUCCGGUA GCUUAUGUCCUA

  12. Write the amino acid sequence from the mRNA sequence. • A U G C A G C A U U A U A C C • C G A A U A C A G G A U Methionine glutamine histidine tyrosine threonine Arginine isoleucine glutamine aspartic acid

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