Emergency Procedures

1. Emergency Procedures • Accidents • Crew Overboard • Personal protective gear • Self Rescue • Victim Rescue • Drowning • Hypothermia • Accident reporting

2. Facts About Boating Accidents

3. Accidents Major Types of Accidents • Collision between vessels • Collision with objects • Falls overboard • Capsizing

4. Most Common Accident Collision with another vessel

5. Second most common Collision with a fixed object

6. Most common cause Failure to keep proper lookout

7. Accidents Most collisions could be avoided by: • Proper use of a “lookout” • Knowledge of “Rules of the Road” • Knowledge of proper boat lighting • Knowledge of “Aids to Navigation”

8. Accidents Fatal vs Non-Fatal : • Most fatal accidents result from falls overboard or capsizing with the victim NOT wearing a PFD • Most non-fatal accidents result from collisions with other boats or objects

9. Boating Accidents Most fatal boating accidents result because the boat capsized or the victim fell overboard

10. Boating Accidents Most fatalities involve boats less than 16 feet in length

11. Boating Accidents Most fatalities are due to drowning

12. Boating Accidents Most drownings occur within 10 feet from safety

13. Boating Accidents Hypothermia is a major factor contributing to fatalities

14. Pointers: DON’T FALL OVERBOARD DON’T CAPSIZE BE EXTRA CAREFUL IN SMALL VESSELS HAVE A PLAN TO GET TO SAFETY WEAR PROTECTION/FLOATATION

15. If Someone Does Fall Overboard • Make others aware • Designate a spotter • Approach into the wind at the fastest safe speed • Continually communicate with the victim and crew

16. If Someone Falls Overboard • Come to stop relative to the victim • Use “Talk, Reach, Throw, Row, Go” priority • Turn off engine at first chance • Continually communicate with the victim and crew

17. If Someone Falls Overboard • Rescue Priority – Self, partner, victim • Don’t add to the victim list • Don’t injure the victim

18. If Someone Falls Overboard • Actions of a drowning person not always apparent (can’t speak). • Heat loss in water is about 25X greater than in air, so get out. • Much of the loss occurs at the head and neck, so cover head.

19. If Someone Falls Overboard • Don’t give up on a drown victim (Cold-water drowning) • Handle with extreme care (don’t reheat too fast)

20. Remember Most fatal boating accidents result because the boat capsized or the victim fell overboard

21. How to Avoid Capsizing • Don’t overload the vessel (check the capacity plate) • Keep weight properly distributed

22. How to Avoid Capsizing If waves are present, approach bow first, quarter into/away from them if extreme

23. Real case of pitch pole

24. What to do if You Capsize • Make sure entire crew is accounted for • Check for injuries • Stay with the boat • Get out of the water, if possible • Try to “right” the boat; bail it out; climb back in when most of water is out • If close to shore, just climb in and paddle

25. What is Adequate Protection?

26. Consider Conditions

27. Condition Air temperature and water temperature combined exceed 100 degrees Fahrenheit

28. Condition Air temperature and water temperature combined fall below 100 degrees Fahrenheit

29. Reconsider Actual Need

30. Condition Cold, harsh, ocean, or ocean-like conditions

31. Policy Must wear Anti-Exposure Gear: a) USCG-approved coverall or work suit b) USCG-approved float coat/jacket c) Combination of a USCG-approved float coat/jacket and floatation bib d) Comparable gear such as a USCG-approved float jacket and neoprene waders.

32. Policy Must have Immersion Suits on board: Each occupant must be assigned a suit, shown where it is, how to use it, and given the opportunity to practice using it.

33. The Key is Planning for the Worst

34. Customize Your PFD Carry the things you might need given the conditions you work in.

35. Carry Appropriate Equipment

36. Consider All Hazards • Heat • Noise • Fatigue • Dehydration • UV light • Falls in the boat • Back injury • Machinery & Equipment

37. Rescue Situations

38. Self Rescue • Chin up bounce • Ladder • Leg over gunwale • Stirrup • Cavitation Plate

39. Victim Rescue Characteristics of a person in Distress : • Can wave or yell for help • May still be capable of self rescue

40. Victim Rescue Characteristics of a person Drowning : • Cannot speak, wave for help, or reach for a rescue device • Cannot help themselves • May have appearance of “playing” or splashing • Victim will probably attempt to climb onto you if you get too close to them

41. Victim Rescue Priorities in rescue situation : • Self is most important • Partner(s) second most important • Victim third important

42. Victim Rescue Rescue sequence (in order of increasing risk to rescuer): • Talk into self rescue • REACH • THROW • ROW (boat) • GO (in-water)

43. Victim Rescue Rescue Rope in the Ready Position • Must be in a ready access position • Made of polypro rope • Rescue bag is designed to be tossed underhand to the victim with the rescuer hanging onto the working end of the rope.

44. Victim Rescue Rescue Rope

45. Victim Rescue Rescue gear

46. Victim Rescue Ring Buoy (Type IV) in Water Assist • Rescuer wears a PFD • Rescuer slides the ring buoy to the victim • Rescuer must be a good swimmer with water rescue training • CAUTION: watch out for the panic victim!

47. Victim Rescue Unconscious Swimmer Assist With a Ring Buoy • Rescuer wears a PFD • Rescuer slides the ring buoy over the victims arm up to the shoulder • Rescuer must be a good swimmer with water rescue training • CAUTION: watch out for the panic victim!

48. Victim Rescue Extrication from water : • Conscious victim - • ladder • stirrup • retrieval strap • bounce

49. Victim Rescue Extrication from water : • Unconscious or injured victim - • Roll aboard • Retrieval strap

50. Drowning Types of drowning : • Dry – little or no water enters lungs (10-15%) • Wet – aspiration of water into lungs (85-90%) • Secondary – dies after rescue due to complications • Coldwater Drowning – may be successfully revived