Chapter 6, Lesson 3 World War One

1. Chapter 6, Lesson 3World War One Mr. Julian’s 5th Grade Class

2. Essential Question • What were the causes of World War I and which countries were involved?

3. Places • Austria-Hungary • Serbia • Versailles, France

4. People • Woodrow Wilson • John J. Pershing • Eddie Rickenbacker • Alvin C. York

5. Vocabulary • World War I • Nationalism • Alliance • Isolationism • League of Nations • Treaty of Versailles

6. A Gathering Storm • Several events took place to make World War I possible. • At the time, European countries had strong feelings for nationalism, or a love of one’s country. • Many countries also feared attacks from their rivals so these countries formed alliances or agreements to defend one and another.

7. Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Serbia Belgium * U.S. (in 1917) The Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman Empire (Turkey) Alliances

8. A Gathering Storm • In 1914 Austria-Hungary controlled Serbia, a country that did not accept that authority. • On June 28, 1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie. • Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia and World War I began.

9. Fighting Begins in Europe • Due to the alliances signed many countries were drawn into the war. • Germany declared war on Russia on August 1st. • Germany then declared war on France on August 3rd. • Again on August 4th Germany declared war on Belgium. • Finally, Great Britain declared war on Germany.

10. Fighting Begins in Europe • The fighting was awful. • Soldiers dug trenches that faced each other. • They used barbed wire to protect their trenches making the land between the two sides a “No Man’s Land.” • Soldiers lived in these trenches for many years.

11. The United States Enters the War • At first the U.S. stayed out of the war keeping to its isolationism, or remaining neutral. • Anther problem was that America had many people from both sides and it was difficult to ask people to fight their former country.

12. The United States Enters the War • On May 7, 1915 Germany sank the British ship Lustiania, killing more than 100 Americans. • President Woodrow Wilson asked Germany to not attack non-military ships.

13. The United States Enters the War • The events that led the U.S. to war begain in January 1917 when it was learned that Germany asked Mexico to enter the war on the side of the Central Powers. If they did Germany promised to give back all of the land they lost to the U.S. • The final blow came in February when Germany sank American ships.

14. The United States Enters the War • On April 2, 1917, President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on the Central Powers. • President Wilson hoped by entering the war the U.S. would make the world a safer place. • On April 6, 1917 Congress declared war on Germany.

15. Over There Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gun, Take it on the run, on the run, on the run, Hear them calling you and me, Ev'ry son of liberty. Hurry right away, no delay, go today, Make your daddy glad to have had such a lad, Tell your sweetheart not to pine, To be proud her boy's in line. Over there over there Send the word, send the word over there That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming, The drums rum-tumming ev'rywhere So prepare say a pray'r Send the word, send the word to beware We'll be over, we're coming over, And we won't come back till it's over, over there! Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gun, Johnnie show the Hun you're a son of a gun, Hoist the flag and let her fly, Yankee Doodle do or die. Pack your little kit, show your grit, do your bit, Yankees to the ranks from the towns and the tanks, Make your mother proud of you And the old Red White and Blue

16. America at War • The U.S. was led into war with General John J. Pershing as its leader. • Pershing landed in France in June 1917. • More than 4 million soldiers, sailors and Marines aided the allies. • The U.S. helped turn the war to the allies victory.

17. America at War • One hero was flying Ace Eddie Rickenbacker. • He shot down 22 German planes and 4 balloons. • Another U.S. hero was Alvin C. York. • York, using only a rifle, killed 35 machine gunners and captured 132 Germans.

18. New Technologies • In April 1915, Germany first used poison gas. • Gas masks were then used to defeat the gas. • Airplanes were also used to drop bombs on enemy targets. • Tanks were also first used in WWI • Finally, submarines were successfully used.

19. War’s Impact at Home • American’s were doing what they could to support the Yanks “Over There.” • Uncle Sam asked young men to join the Army • People had to ration their food to give more to the men fighting. • Women took over the jobs the men left behind, keeping America strong.

20. The War Ends • The U.S. helped win many battles against the Germans. • This led to the defeat of the Central Powers • On November 11, 1918, at 11 am, the Central Powers surrendered. • The war had been costly, nearly 12 million people died from the war. • It was called “The War to End All Wars.”

21. The United States and the Peace Process • In January 1919, President Wilson and other Allied leaders met at Versailles, France to sign a peace treaty. • This also formed the League of Nations, an organization to prevent future wars. • The Treaty of Versailles officially ended the war and made Germany pay heavy fines and not allow them to re-build an army.

22. The United States and the Peace Process • The U.S. did not sign the treaty as the Senate felt that Germany was treated too harshly. • The Senate did not join the League of Nations as they wanted the U.S. to return to isolationism.

23. Timeline • 1914 - World War I began • 1917 - United States entered World War I • 1919 - Treaty of Versailles ended World War I.