REPORTED SPEECH

1. REPORTED SPEECH PRONOUN CHANGES YES/NO QUESTIONS TENSE CHANGES REQUESTS & ORDERS CHANGES IN PLACE REFERENCE EXERCISE REPORTING VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND CHANGES IN TIME REFERENCE REPORTING VERBS FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE WH- & HOW QUESTIONS

2. PRONOUN CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT Pronouns change if there is a shift in the reference point. R E F E R E N C E P O I N T R E F E R E N C E P O I N T T H E S P E A K E R T H E R E P O R T E R A VISITING TOURIST AN INHABITANT OF THE VISITED COUNTRY I have seen many countries, but your country is the best. He says he has seen many countries but our country is the best. REFERENCES MADE REFERENCES MADE I HE THE SPEAKER HIMSELF THE SPEAKER YOUR COUNTRY OUR COUNTRY OUR COUNTRY OUR COUNTRY ADVANCE TO THE NEXT SLIDE CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY

3. PRONOUN CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT R E F E R E N C E P O I N T R E F E R E N C E P O I N T T H E S P E A K E R T H E R E P O R T E R AN INTERROGATING POLICE INSPECTOR THE INTERROGATED SUSPECT I think you have something that you hide, and I will find it. She says she thinks I have something that I hide and she will find it. REFERENCES MADE REFERENCES MADE I SHE THE INSPECTOR THE INSPECTOR I THE SUSPECT YOU THE SUSPECT IT IT THE SECRET THE SECRET ADVANCE TO THE NEXT SLIDE CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK FOR MORE EXAMPLES

4. PRONOUN CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT R E F E R E N C E P O I N T R E F E R E N C E P O I N T T H E S P E A K E R T H E R E P O R T E R A MOTHER WHO WANTS TO HELP THE DAUGHTER IN NEED OF HELP I am here to help you because your worries are my unhappiness. She says she is here to help me because my worries are her unhappiness. REFERENCES MADE REFERENCES MADE I SHE THE MOTHER THE MOTHER HELP ME HELP FOR THE DAUGHTER HELP YOU HELP FOR THE DAUGHTER MY WORRIES THE DAUGHTER’S WORRIES THE DAUGHTER’S WORRIES YOUR WORRIES THE MOTHER’S UNHAPPINESS HER UNHAPPINESS THE MOTHER’S UNHAPPINESS MY UNHAPPINESS END OF TOPIC CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK FOR MORE EXAMPLES

5. TENSE CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT WILL GO > WOULD GO GO > WENTWENT > HAD GONEHAS GONE > HAD GONE IS GOING > WAS GOINGWAS GOING > HAD BEEN GOING The tense moves by one degree back in time if the reporting verb is in the past tense. T H E S P E A K E R T H E R E P O R T E R SHE SAID (THAT) ... SHE WAS GOING “I AM GOING” “I WAS GOING” SHE HAD BEEN GOING SHE HAD BEEN GOING “I HAVE BEEN GOING” “I GO” SHE WENT SHE HAD GONE “I WENT” “I HAVE GONE” SHE HAD GONE SHE HAD GONE “I HAD GONE” “I WILL GO” SHE WOULD GO ADVANCE TO THE NEXT SLIDE CLICK WHEN READY

6. TENSE CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT WILL GO > WOULD GO GO > WENTWENT > HAD GONEHAS GONE > HAD GONE IS GOING > WAS GOINGWAS GOING > HAD BEEN GOING T H E S P E A K E R T H E R E P O R T E R A VISITING TOURIST AN INHABITANT OF THE VISITED COUNTRY I have seen many countries, but your country is the best. He said he had seen many countries but our country was the best. THE SHIFT OF THE TENSE BY ONE DEGREE BACK IN TIME THE TENSE OF THE DIRECT SPEECH HAD SEEN HAVE SEEN HAVE SEEN WAS IS IS ADVANCE TO THE NEXT SLIDE CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY

7. TENSE CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT WILL GO > WOULD GO GO > WENTWENT > HAD GONEHAS GONE > HAD GONE IS GOING > WAS GOINGWAS GOING > HAD BEEN GOING T H E S P E A K E R T H E R E P O R T E R A FATHER WHO IS DISAPPOINTED WITH WHAT HIS SON IS DOING THE SON You are wasting your time playing that foolish guitar. He said I was wasting my time playing this foolish guitar. THE SHIFT OF THE TENSE BY ONE DEGREE BACK IN TIME THE TENSE OF THE DIRECT SPEECH WAS WASTING AM WASTING ADVANCE TO THE NEXT SLIDE CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK FOR MORE EXAMPLES

8. TENSE CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO INDIRECT WILL GO > WOULD GO GO > WENTWENT > HAD GONEHAS GONE > HAD GONE IS GOING > WAS GOINGWAS GOING > HAD BEEN GOING T H E S P E A K E R T H E R E P O R T E R THE SON WHO GAVE SOME GOOD NEWS A DAY AGO THE MOTHER WHO RECEIVED THE GOOD NEWS ON THE PHONE I am going to Boston because I have been admitted to Harvard. He said he was going to Boston because he had been admitted to Boston. THE SHIFT OF THE TENSE BY ONE DEGREE BACK IN TIME THE TENSE OF THE DIRECT SPEECH WAS GOING AM GOING HAD BEEN ADMITTED HAVE BEEN ADMITTED CLICK WHEN READY CLICK FOR MORE EXAMPLES END OF TOPIC CLICK WHEN READY

9. C H A N G E S I N P L A C E R E F E R E N C E THE SPEAKER THE REPORTER THE POSITION OF THE REPORTER HERE “HERE” AT THE REFERRED PLACE THERE NOT AT THE REFERRED PLACE “HERE” HERE AT THE REFERRED PLACE “THERE” THERE “THERE” NOT AT THE REFERRED PLACE ADVANCE TO THE NEXT SLIDE CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY

10. C H A N G E S I N P L A C E R E F E R E N C E BOTH AT A RESTAURANT THE SPEAKER THE REPORTER TO THE REPORTER TO THE WAITER “MY GIRLFRIEND IS BORED HERE. COULD YOU POSSIBLY CHANGE THE MUSIC, SIR?” “I AM BORED HERE. COULD THEY CHANGE THE MUSIC?” ADVANCE TO THE NEXT SLIDE CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY

11. C H A N G E S I N P L A C E R E F E R E N C E AT THE REPAIR SHOP AT HOME THE SPEAKER THE REPORTER TO THE REPORTER TO HIS WIFE “YOU CAN’T BRING YOUR CAR HERE UNTIL FRIDAY. WE HAVE A LOT OF WORK.” “THE MECHANIC SAID WE COULDN’T TAKE THE CAR THERE UNTIL FRIDAY BECAUSE THEY HAD A LOT OF WORK” CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY END OF TOPIC

12. C H A N G E S I N P L A C E R E F E R E N C E THE SPEAKER THE REPORTER THE TIME OF THE REPORT NOW AT THE TIME OF SPEAKING “NOW” THEN NOT AT THE TIME OF SPEAKING “NOW” AT THE MOMENT “AT THE MOMENT” AT THE TIME OF SPEAKING AT THAT MOMENT “AT THE MOMENT” NOT AT THE TIME OF SPEAKING YESTERDAY “YESTERDAY” ON THE SAME DAY THE DAY BEFORE THE PREVIOUS DAY “YESTERDAY” NOT ON THE SAME DAY TOMORROW “TOMORROW” ON THE SAME DAY THE FOLLOWING DAY THE NEXT DAY “TOMORROW” NOT ON THE SAME DAY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY END OF TOPIC

13. REPORTING WH- & HOW - QUESTIONS I YOU HE SHE IT WE YOU THEY WHO WHAT WHEN WHERE WHY HOW HOW OFTEN HOW MANY HOW MUCH ASKED STATEMENT. QUESTION STATEMENT WHERE…? HOW MUCH…? WHAT…? WHY…? WHEN…? HE ASKED WHERE…. HE ASKED WHAT…. HE ASKED WHEN…. HE ASKED HOW MUCH…. HE ASKED WHY…. WHEREDID YOU GO? He asked where you HAD GONE WAS HE DOING WAS SHE HERE SHE HAD BEEN HERE DID YOU GO HE HAD BEEN DOING YOU HAD GONE HE HAD GONE WHYWAS SHE HERE? HE asked whyshe HAD BEEN here DID HE GO DID YOU HAVE WHATWAS HE DOING? He asked whathe HAD BEEN DOING YOU HAD HAD WHENDID HE GO? He asked whenhe HAD GONE HOW MUCHDID YOU HAVE? He asked how muchyou HAD HAD CLICK TO SEE WHERE EACH PHRASE GOES CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY END OF TOPIC

14. REPORTING YES / NO QUESTIONS I YOU HE SHE IT WE YOU THEY IF WHETHER ASKED STATEMENT. QUESTION STATEMENT HE ASKED …. IF WHETHER WILL YOU COME? HE ASKED IFYOUWOULD COME. YOU WERE KIDDING HAD SHE SEEN IT HE HAD TRIED DOES SHE BELIEVE IT ARE YOU KIDDING YOU WOULD COME SHE HAD SEEN IT DID HE TRY WILL YOU COME SHE BELIEVED IT ARE YOU KIDDING? HE ASKED IFYOU WERE KIDDING. HAD SHE SEEN IT? HE ASKED IFSHE HAD SEEN IT. DID HE TRY? HE ASKED IFHE HAD TRIED. DOES SHE BELIEVE IT? HE ASKED IFSHE BELIEVED IT. CLICK TO SEE WHERE EACH PHRASE GOES CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY END OF TOPIC

15. REPORTING REQUESTS & ORDERS I YOU HE SHE IT WE YOU THEY ME YOU HIM HER IT US YOU THEM ADVISED TO… . ASKED BEGGED ORDERED NOT TO… . REQUESTED TOLD THE SPEAKER THE REPORTER ADVISING JOHN BEGGING LISA ORDERING BOB ASKING sth. FROM DAN REQUESTING sth FROM MEG REPORTING THE ADVICE REPORTING THE APPEAL REPORTING THE PLEA REPORTING THE ORDER REPORTING THE REQUEST YOU SHOULD KEEP YOUR ROOM CLEAN HE ADVISED JOHN TOKEEP HIS ROOM CLEAN WANTS THE MUSIC MORE SILENT DOESN’T WANT TO BE LET DOWN CLEAN MY CAR NOW! HE ORDERED BOB TOCLEAN HIS CAR NOW WANTS HIS CAR CLEAN WANTS JOHN’S ROOM CLEAN DOESN’T WANT TO BE LEFT DON’T LET ME DOWN HE ASKED DANNOT TOLET HIM DOWN COULD YOU PLEASE TURN IT DOWN? HE REQUESTED MEG TOTURN IT DOWN PLEASE DON’T LEAVE ME! HE BEGGED LISANOT TO LEAVE HIM GUESS WHAT THE SPEAKER AND THE REPORTER WILL SAY END OF TOPIC CLICK WHEN READY CLICK WHEN READY

16. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION REPORTED SPEECH Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. “Where have you seen it?” asked Laura to me. HAD where I had seen Laura asked it. “Could you please bring your laptop?” asked Jim to Frank. BRING requested Frank to bring his Jim laptop. “We were playing truant when we got lost,” said the boys. TRUANT they had been playing truant The boys said when they got lost. THE “You did a good job here yesterday,” said the teacher as I left. As I left, the teacher said I had done a good job there the day before. “Are you going to arrive early?” asked the boss. TO arrive early. The boss asked if I was going to ADVANCE TO THE NEXT SLIDE

17. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION REPORTED SPEECH “I would rather you didn’t smoke here,” said the man to me. TOLD told me not to smoke The man there. “How much did you pay for the ticket?” asked Casey. PAID how much I had paid Casey asked for the ticket. “We still haven’t finalised our decision yet,” said the jury. COME they hadn’t come to The jury said a conclusion yet. “Are you having fun there? asked dad on the phone. FUN On the phone, dad asked me if I was having fun here. “How much more will I wait?” asked Rob to me. MORE wait. Rob asked me how much more he would END OF THE EXERCISE

18. REPORTING VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND ADMIT BLAME ☻ FOR MENTION ACCUSE ☻ OF COMPLAIN ABOUT REGRET SUGGEST APOLOGISE TO ☻ FOR DENY

19. VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND GERUND LIST ADMIT DOING TO STATE UNWILLINGLY THAT YOU HAVE DONE SOMETHING OR SOMETHING IS TRUE It was clear that her parents wouldn’t believe her for the second time, so little Jenny had to admitbreaking the vase. Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. He is cross with us, but he won’t say that this is true. ANGRY He won’t with us. ADMIT BEING ANGRY “Ok, it was me who spread this awful rumour,” said Neil. Neil awful rumour. ADMITTED ADMITTED SPREADING THAT

20. VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND GERUND LIST ACCUSE ☻OF DOING STH TO SAY YOU BELIEVE SB. IS GUILTY OF DOING STH. BAD To everyone’s surprise, Brendan is accused of giving away some secret information of the company. Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. Nancy is claimed to be evading taxes. OF Nancy is taxes. ACCUSED OF EVADING Tom is believed to have destroyed the evidence on purpose. OF They the evidence. ACCUSE TOM OF DELIBERATELY DESTROYING

21. VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND GERUND LIST DOING STH TO SAY YOU ARE SORRY FOR A MISTAKE YOU HAVE MADE APOLOGISE TO☻FOR This is neither the first nor the last time she has apologised to us forneglecting her work. She needs a very serious warning. Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. “I shouldn’t have treated you like that, Tom,” said Lisa. TO Lisa him that way. APOLOGISED TO TOM FOR TREATING “I am sorry for my late arrival, Bob,” said Gwen. late. ARRIVING Gwen APOLOGISED TO BOB FOR ARRIVING

22. VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND GERUND LIST BLAME ☻FOR DOING STH TO SAY YOU BELIEVE SB. IS GUILTY OFDOING STH. BAD Given all the bad experience she went through her marriage, no one should blame Charlotte for leaving him without any notice. Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. We cannot hold Diana responsible for his resignation. CAUSING We cannot to resign. BLAME DIANA FOR CAUSING HIM Someone arsoned the building, but Clive should not be the subject of this accusation. SETTING We cannot to the building. BLAME CLIVE FOR SETTING FIRE

23. VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND GERUND LIST COMPLAINABOUT DOING STH TO SAY YOU ARE UNHAPPY ABOUT SOMETHING Stop complaining about having to get up at the crack of dawn. Do you want to go hunting or not? Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. They brought their unhappiness about early working hours to our notice. ABOUT They so early. COMPLAINED ABOUT COMING TO WORK The complaint of the workers was about the poor payment. The workers enough. COMPLAINED ABOUT NOT EARNING ABOUT

24. VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND GERUND LIST DENY DOING TO REFUSE TO ACCEPT SOMETHING IS TRUE Lying is Hannah’s expertise, so she denied seeingTom at the party. Yet, we believe that she really did. Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. Meg said she didn’t love him, but her eyes spoke the truth. BEING Though Meg , her eyes didn’t. DENIED BEING IN LOVE Jack says it wasn’t him who started the gossip. DENIES Jack DENIES STARTING THE GOSSIP.

25. VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND GERUND LIST MENTION DOING TO BRIEFLY REFER TO SOMETHING WHEN SPEAKING OR WRITING Jason mentioned doing something for a change in the office. Do you remember what it was? Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. He briefly referred to having to come to the office very early. He come to the office very early. HAVING MENTIONED HAVING TO

26. VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND GERUND LIST REGRET BE SORRY FOR DOING TO FEEL UNHAPPY ABOUT HAVING MADE A PARTICULAR MISTAKE I regretnot going to the party. They say it was awesome. When she realised the mistake she had made, Julia was sorry for parting with Roy. Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. I wish I hadn’t said those bitter words. SO I OR → bitterly. AM SORRY FOR SPEAKING SO REGRET SPEAKING SO I really shouldn’t have lent him so much money. A I lot of money. REGRET LENDING HIM SUCH A

27. VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND GERUND LIST DOING SUGGEST TO TELL SOMEONE ABOUT WHAT SHOULD BE DONE Isuggesteatingout today as I have no energy left for cooking. Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. How about eating at a Thai restaurant tonight? DINING I Thai restaurant. SUGGEST DINING AT A I think we should leave her alone for the time being. LETTING I be alone for some time. SUGGEST LETTING HER END OF TOPIC

28. REPORTING VERBS FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE AGREE OFFER REFUSE CLAIM PROMISE THREATEN to do IF V2

29. VERBS FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE INFINITIVE LIST AGREE TO DO TO STATE THAT YOU WILL DO WHAT SOMEONE SUGGESTS He swore that it would be fun and we all agreed to go to the theme park. Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. If she doesn’t like it, she will never decide to come with us. COME Unless she likes it, she won’t with us. AGREE TO COME “Alright,” she said, “I will tell you the secret.” TELL She the secret. AGREED TO TELL US

30. VERBS FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE INFINITIVE LIST TO STATE THAT SOMETHING IS TRUE NOW TO DO CLAIM TO STATE THAT SOMETHING WAS TRUE IN THE PAST TO HAVE DONE CLAIM The boy claims to run faster than Usain Bolt. The boy claims tohave seen a ghost. Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. Brad says that he has seen my girlfriend with Tom. CLAIMS Brad my girlfriend with Tom. CLAIMS TO HAVE SEEN Brad says he knows a terrible secret about the boss. CLAIMS Brad a terrible secret about the boss. CLAIMS TO KNOW

31. VERBS FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE INFINITIVE LIST TO DO TO SAY YOU HAVE SOMETHING TO GIVE THAT PEOPLE MIGHT NEED • OFFER Because Tom’s car will be at the mechanic’s next week, I offered to drive him to his office. Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. He told her, “I can help you to organize the tournament.” HELP He organize the tournament. OFFERED TO HELP HER We told the old man we would be happy to carry his luggage if he liked. THE We offered luggage. TO CARRY THE OLD MAN’S

32. VERBS FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE INFINITIVE LIST TO DO TO TELL SOMEONE THAT YOU WILL DEFINITELY DO SOMETHING PROMISE After having a terrible row with her parents, Linda promisednotto come back home again. Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. Gill swore that Andy wouldn’t get away with that. REVENGE Gill on Andy. PROMISED TO TAKE HER REVENGE “I will definitely not do anything crooked again,” said Nick. NOT Nick bad again. PROMISED NOT TO DO ANYTHING

33. VERBS FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE INFINITIVE LIST TO DO TO SAY THAT YOU WILL DEFINITELY NOT DO SOMETHING REFUSE When the publisher requested a different ending to the story, I refused to change the storyline. Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. They couldn’t force us to remain silent during the negotiations. We silent during the negotiations. BE REFUSED TO BE “I am sorry, but I can’t go to the party with you,” said Carolto Seth. GO Carol with Seth. REFUSED TO GO TO THE PARTY

34. VERBS FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE INFINITIVE LIST TO DO IF V2 TO SAY THAT YOU WILL CAUSE SOME HARM IF SOMETHING ISN’T DONE THREATEN She threatened never to see her family again if her father didn’t consent to her marriage. Click for a sentence transformation exercise. Use the key word that appears on the right to complete the sentence with a maximum of 4 other words. The robber said he would fire the gun if we didn’t collaborate. TO The robber didn’t collaborate. THREATENED TO FIRE IF WE She wanted me to stay. Otherwise, she would kill me. LEFT She threatened to KILL ME IF I LEFT. END OF TOPIC