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Tackling Diabetes, Keeping a Healthy Heart

Tackling Diabetes, Keeping a Healthy Heart . Type 1 Diabetes The pancreas no longer makes insulin. Type 2 Diabetes The cells of the body resist insulin’s action. Gestational Diabetes Occurs during pregnancy, similar to type 2. . A Lesson from Japan. Diabetes Prevalence in Japan .

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Tackling Diabetes, Keeping a Healthy Heart

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  1. Tackling Diabetes, Keeping a Healthy Heart

  2. Type 1 Diabetes The pancreas no longer makes insulin. Type 2 Diabetes The cells of the body resist insulin’s action. Gestational Diabetes Occurs during pregnancy, similar to type 2.

  3. A Lesson from Japan

  4. Diabetes Prevalence in Japan In adults over age 40: Prior to 1980: 1-5% Kuzuya T. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Japan compiled from literature. Diab Res Clin Practice. 1994;24 Suppl:S15-S21.

  5. Rising Fat Intake in Japan 1955 1965 1975 1985 1994 Murata M. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72(suppl):1379S-83S.

  6. Falling Carbohydrate Intake in Japan 1955 1965 1975 1985 1994 Murata M. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72(suppl):1379S-83S.

  7. Overweight and Obesity in Japan Prevalence in Men % % % % BMI 25-29.9 BMI ≥ 30 % % % Yoshiike N. Obes Rev 2002;3:183-90. Yoshiike N. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002;11(Suppl 8):S727-31.

  8. Diabetes Prevalence in Japan In adults over age 40: Prior to 1980: 1-5% By 1990: 11-12% Kuzuya T. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Japan compiled from literature. Diab Res Clin Practice. 1994;24 Suppl:S15-S21.

  9. A Lesson from the U.S.

  10. Diabetes Prevalence 1994

  11. Diabetes Prevalence 1995

  12. Diabetes Prevalence 1996

  13. Diabetes Prevalence 1997

  14. Diabetes Prevalence 1998

  15. Diabetes Prevalence 1999

  16. Diabetes Prevalence 2000

  17. Diabetes Prevalence 2001

  18. Diabetes Prevalence 2002

  19. Diabetes Prevalence 2003

  20. Diabetes Prevalence 2004

  21. Diabetes Prevalence 2005

  22. Diabetes Prevalence 2006

  23. Diabetes Prevalence 2007

  24. Plant-Based Dietary Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes Funding: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIHDiabetes Action Research and Education Foundation

  25. Study design: Low-fat vegan diet vs ADA diet guidelines 22-week study with 1-year follow-up Track hemoglobin A1c

  26. Individuals with no medication changes, n = 24 vegan, 33 ADA 8.1 7.9 7.4 7.5 7.2 6.8 P = 0.01

  27. The Glycemic Index: • Invented in 1981 by Dr. David Jenkins. • Separates foods that raise blood sugar quickly from those that raise it slowly.

  28. Glycemic Index at a Glance High-GI Foods: Sugar White and wheat breads White potatoes Most cold cereals Low-GI Replacements: Most fruits Rye or pumpernickel Yams, sweet potatoes Oatmeal, bran cereals

  29. The Glycemic Index does nottake the place of other considerations: • Vegan foods • Low-fat foods

  30. Important A daily multivitamin for vitamin B12. Be alert to medications that can cause hypoglycemia. Check blood glucose regularly. `

  31. A Healthy Heart

  32. Lifestyle Heart TrialDean Ornish, M.D.Preventive Medicine Research Institute Ornish D. Lancet 1990;336:129-33.

  33. Experimental program: 1. Vegetarian foods 2. Half-hour walk daily 3. Manage stress 4. Avoid tobacco Lifestyle Heart Trial Ornish D. Lancet 1990;336:129-33.

  34. Lifestyle Heart Trial Ornish D. Lancet1990;336:129-33.

  35. Raw material for making hormones (estrogens, testosterone) Key ingredient in cell membranes In excess, cholesterol leads to artery blockages Why Do We Have Cholesterol?

  36. Total cholesterol LDL (“bad”) cholesterol HDL (“good”) cholesterol Triglycerides (blood fats) Goals <200 mg/dl <100 mg/dl Women: >55 Men: >45 <150 mg/dl Understanding Your Blood Test

  37. Lowering LDL Avoid: meat, dairy, eggs, hydrogenated oils, tropical oils Increase: oats, beans

  38. Leanest beef 29% • Skinless chicken breast 23% • Sea trout 32% • White tuna 16% • Broccoli 8% • Beans 4% • Rice 1–5% • Potato 1% Fat Content(Percentage of Calories from Fat)

  39. Not the same as fat. In meats, cholesterol is found mainly in the lean portion. Cholesterol is found in animal products. Plant foods have essentially no cholesterol. Cholesterol in Foods

  40. Special Cholesterol-Lowering Foods Soluble fiber (oats, barley, eggplant, okra): 20 grams Soy protein (soy milk, tofu): 40 grams (Whole almonds: 28 grams) (Sterol/stanol-enriched margarine: 2 grams) Listed quantities are for a 2,000-calorie diet Jenkins DJA. JAMA 2003;290:502-510.

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