1 / 28

SKELETAL DISEASES NOTES

SKELETAL DISEASES NOTES. Osteoporosis: What is it? . Loss of bone density and mass Bones become more porous, increasing risk of fractures. Osteoporosis. 52 year old Female. 84 year old Female. Osteoporosis: Causes. More common in women, especially of Asian and European descent

adolph
Download Presentation

SKELETAL DISEASES NOTES

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. SKELETAL DISEASES NOTES

  2. Osteoporosis: What is it? • Loss of bone density and mass • Bones become more porous, increasing risk of fractures

  3. Osteoporosis 52 year old Female 84 year old Female

  4. Osteoporosis: Causes • More common in women, especially of Asian and European descent • Aging leads to a loss of osteoblasts  loss in bone density • With the onset of menopause (mid-forties to fifties), diminishing estrogen levels lead to excessive bone resorption (osteoclast activity)

  5. Osteoporosis: Treatment Age: • Vitamin D and calcium supplements • drugs that slow bone loss • frequent moderate exercise (help make bones stronger) Menopause: • drugs that raise estrogen levels

  6. Arthritis: What is it? • Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune (body attacking itself) disease which causes joint stiffness and bone deformity • Inflammation and swelling of flexible joints, destruction of articular cartilage, and ankylosis (fusion of joints)

  7. Arthritis

  8. Arthritis: Causes • Osteoarthritis is caused by wear and tear on articular cartilage due to age, injury, frequent use, or infection. • Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where antibodies attack articular cartilage leading to inflammationetc. While its cause is unknown, there is a genetic component and smokers are at increased risk.

  9. Arthritis: Treatment Depends on the cause… • Anti-inflammatory drugs (Advil, steroids) • cold-packs • immune-suppressing drugs (rheumatoid) • Physical Therapy (PT) • Surgery • Stem cells  regrow cartilage

  10. Scoliosis: What is it? • An abnormal curvature of the spine from side-to-side. Often not painful, but can be. Most often diagnosed and develops in adolescence. Also seen in elderly patients.

  11. Scoliosis: Causes • Mostly unknown. Can develop from problems in other parts of the body (spina bifida, cerebral palsy), arthritis, improper development of the spine at birth, or have genetic causes.

  12. Treatment • Bracing, surgery, PT, and chiropractics (older patients)

  13. Rickets: What is it? • Softening of bones which can lead to bone tenderness, bow-legged posture, improper skeletal development, tetany (uncontrolled muscle spasms)

  14. Rickets

  15. Rickets: Causes • Vitamin D deficiency • Lack of calcium in diet • Vitamin D is required for proper calcium absorption • Vitamin D is produced when you are exposed to sunlight (UV rays). Darker-skinned people require longer exposure to sunlight • Rarely seen in developed countries. Most commonly seen today in developing countries where children are malnourished.

  16. Treatments • Vitamin D supplement + Calcium supplement in diet • Exposure to sunlight

  17. Rickets • Children in developed nations don’t go outdoors as much and often play inside on their electronic devices. Why do you think rickets are not a problem then for children in these countries? • Milk + Vitamin D

  18. Blount’s Disease: What is it? • Bow-leggedness that becomes progressively worse with age. Often seen in children and adolescents. Associated with overweight individuals.

  19. Blount’s Disease: Causes • The inner part of the tibia under the patella fails to develop properly leading to a slanting of the bones, angled inward. • This developmental failure is often the result of extra stress placed on the tibia with obese individuals

  20. Blount’s Disease

  21. Blount’s Disease: Treatment • Bracing • Surgery • Diet/Exercise to promote long-term success of treatment

  22. Sprain: What is it? • Usually painful • Injured portion often swells and may turn black and blue • Occurs at joints. Result of an injury to a ligament or to the tissue that covers a joint.

  23. Sprain: Causes • Most sprains result from a sudden wrench that stretches or tears the tissues of the ligaments. • Common in athletes

  24. Sprain: Treatment • RICE: • Rest (first 48 hours using crutches, splint) • Ice (first 48 hours for 20 minutes every 3-4 hours) • Compression (wrap it snuggly) • Elevate (higher than heart)

  25. Kyphosis: What is it? • Deformity of the upper portion of the spinal column that results in severe forward bending of the spine (hunchback)

  26. Kyphosis

  27. Kyphosis: Causes • In children and adolescents, this condition may result from poor posture, misshapen vertebrae or problems during fetal development. • In adults, this condition is often the result of another disease, such as arthritis, osteoporosis, trauma, or cancer

  28. Kyphosis: Treatment • Exercise/Physical Therapy (if minor) • Bracing (moderate) • Surgery (severe)

More Related