Phenomenological aspects of Generation Twisted Supersymmetric Unification

1. Aug. 30, 2006, SI2006 @ APCTP Kentaro Kojima Department of Physics, Kyushu University Phenomenological aspects of Generation Twisted Supersymmetric Unification Based on Kenzo Inoue, K.K., Koichi Yoshioka, JHEP 0607032; and in preparation

2. SUSY is one of the most promising candidates for TeV scale new physics • solves hierarchy problem in the SM Higgs potential • naturally includes DM candidates • MSSM predicts gauge coupling unification! Supersymmetric GUT is well motivated • Neutrino gives important information to the SUSY-GUT very heavy RH neutrinos: SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) singlets This seems to prefer SO(10) or higher GUT theories But GUTs naively have difficulties about flavor structure

3. Several quarks and leptons are unified into a multiplet: e.g. minimal SU(5) GUT Minimal SO(10) GUT Identified to RH ν Several types of Yukawa coupling unification are predicted: SU(5) relation Symmetric Yukawa matrices Diagonalization matrices Good for third generation, Completely false for the others; SU(5) relation must be modified… Same contributions to CKM and MNS; naively conflict with experimental results Asymmetric matrices are useful… GUTs need nontrivial extensions for the flavor sector

4. Contents of the talk • SO(10) unification with generation twisting • Third generation fermion masses and sparticle spectrum • Radiative EWSB and bottom mass prediction • b→sγ and τ→μγ processes • LSP nature and cosmological constraint • Neutralino relic density • Summary

5. SO(10) unification with generation twisting

6. MSSM+RHν(assuming the seesaw mechanism) Asymmetric Yukawa matrices seem to be suitable for CKM and MNS in GUTs hierarchical SU(5) relaltion Highly asymmetric matrices, so-calledlopsided forms, same order [Babu, Barr 95] But naïve SO(10) GUT cannot accommodate to the asymmetry Symmetric contribution to Yukawa matrices How can we realize the lopsided forms in SO(10)?

7. 1 27 SU(2) rotation in E6 Note: Hd (5*H) should be mixed states of 10H and others Naturally embedded into E6 GUT [Sato, Yanagida (98); Bando, Kugo, Yoshioka (99)] Generation twisting In generally, there are many candidates for SU(5) 5* in SO(10) (or higher as E6) multiplets: e.g. 16i 10M 10+5*+15+5* 10+5*+1 5+5* 10+5*+1 5+5* . . .

8. Small VCKM Large VMNS It is generally difficult to see or test the flavor structure of the GUT since MG is very high. But we may probe into the flavor structure of the GUT through SUSY particle spectrum. In the following, we consider the scenario where • Large top Yukawa coupling mainly comes from • Difference between CKM and MNS is the result of twisted 5* Twisted 5* structure Lopsided Yd and Ye

9. Third generation fermion masses and sparticle spectrum

10. Nearly maximal atmospheric mixing angle comes from Ye Yukawa structure at the GUT scale Considered Yukawa matrices (up to relatively small entries) • The angle θ parametrizes down-type Higgs mixing tanβ is decreased with Increasing θ • SU(5) relation is modified by b-τmass ratio depends on Xd Includes SU(5) : Contributions to Ye and Yd are different: 1:-1/3 [Georgi-Jarlskog(79)]

11. Fermion masses in the MSSM Depend on SUSY spectrum “Threshold corrections” In large tanβ, Δb can be very large Induced by SUSY << (cf. non-renorm. theorem) [Hall, Rattazzi, Sarid (94); Blazek, Raby, Pokorski (95); Tobe, Wells (03)] Sign of μ　⇔　Sign of Δｂ (PQ sym. limit) (R sym. limit)

12. Inclusion of radiative EWSB μ andB are fixed by the following two equations at MSUSY GUT scale SUSY breaking parameters Solving the MSSM (+RHν) RGE

13. SO(10) motivated boundary conditions for SUSY breaking parameters Now, SO(10) representations of the theory are Independent SUSY breaking parameters at the GUT scale: Includes SU(5) mixed Hd

14. Bottom quark mass prediction for different Xd (Xd=1) (Xd=-1/3) green: excluded by b→sγ decay blue: excluded by τ→μγ decay gray: excluded by Higgs mass bound different sign of μ different sparticle spectrum different Xd → different size of Δb→ xd= 1 : μ<0, hierarchical spectrum (M1/2, |μ|<<m0) xd=-1/3: μ>0, hierarchy must be weakened

15. LSP nature and cosmological constraint

16. Suppression of the neutralino relic density In our scenario, LSP is neutralino; Contribution tends to be too large Xd=1 case: Rχ can be small (Suppressed μ is consistent with mb) Suppressed Xd case: Rχ should be nearly 1 (only bino-like LSP is allowed) CP-odd Higgs resonance can suppresses the density

17. Xd = -1/3 case Xd = 1 case [Calculated byDarkSUSY] • Higgsino-like LSP suppresses • CP-odd Higgs mass is relatively light and insensitive to m0 • CP-odd Higgs resonance also suppresses the density, but where correct mb cannot be achieved. • Suppression of the density is enough supplied by

18. Parameter scan for Xd=1 case: Constraints for bottom mass, b→sγ, superparticle masses are included • Relic density has strong correlation with gaugino fraction • Higgsino components effectively suppress the density • LSP should have negligible higgsino components

19. Parameter scan for Xd=-1/3 case: Constraints for bottom mass, b→sγ, sparticle masses are included • The relic density has strong correlation with CP-odd Higgs mass • LSP mass should be near the half of the CP-odd Higgs mass: • Sizable τ→μγ ratio is expected for relatively light SUSY spectrum; • It may be observed near future experimental searches

20. Summary • We study low energy remnants of the generation twisting. • Typical sparticle mass spectrum is changed depending on the breaking degree of SU(5) relation, • Future searches of SUSY particles and flavor violations may be the probe into flavor sector of the unified theory : heavy scalars, LSP should have higgsino components : relatively light spectrum is allowed; large LFV ratio; masses of LSP and CP-odd Higgs should be correlated

22. Appendix

23. Largely broken SU(5) relation • SU(5) relation must be broken to reproduce observed • mass pattern of 1st and 2nd generation. • In generally the breaking appears in large asymmetrical entries [Georgi, Jarlskog (79); Ellis, Gaillard (79)] due to group-theoretical factor, non-renorm. o.p. • Even if the 3-3 entries are unified, bottom-tau mass ratio has • a large deviation from 1; e.g.

24. Large threshold correction to the bottom massin large or moderate tanβ regime • Δb can be easily large as O(0.5) for tanβ～50 Sign of μ　⇔　Sign of Δｂ (PQ sym. limit) (R sym. limit)

25. Bottom mass prediction without the correction tanβ and θ are correlated Input parameters Experimental range

26. Implications for superparticle spectrum Bottom mass prediction and allowed range of Δb strong correlation; due to the lopsided Yd SU(5) breaking factor xd Various SUSY spectra are expected depends on xd and θ(tanβ) e.g. μ<0 and relatively hierarchical spectrum are expected for a large value of tanβ xd=1 μ>0 and scalars cannot be much heavier than gauginos and higgsisnos xd=-1/3

27. Radiative EWSB conditions at MSUSY Solving the RGE • positive D-term reduce the size of μ • increasing θ, CP-odd Higgs mass tends to be large

28. Xd=1 case: Suppressed Xd case: b  s γ rare decay process When tanβ is not small, three diagrams give important contributions: Consistent with exp. The both must be suppressed or Each of them must be canceled out (allowed only for μ>0; suppresed Xd case)

29. Lepton flavor violating process RGE between induces irreducible 2-3 mixing in the mass matrix for scalar lepton doublet Large 2-3 entry of Ye D-term contributions amplify non-degeneracy of the scalar leptons: Non-zero D-term contributions enhances B(τμγ) For suppressed Xd case, where relatively light scalars are allowed, sizable B(τμγ) is expected

30. Xd = 1 case (preliminary) [Calculated byDarkSUSY] • Higgsino-like LSP suppresses • The s-channel pole also suppresses the • density, but where correct mb cannot be achieved.

31. Xd = -1/3 case • CP-odd Higgs mass is relatively light and insensitive to m0 • Suppression of the density is enough supplied