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WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT 4-2

http://www.dimijianimages.com/Aggression-defense-page4/vultures.jpg. http://www.mark-ju.net/wildlife/images/monkey03.jpg. WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT 4-2. http:// www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif. http://www.uark.edu/depts/agripub/Publications/Agnews/mosquito.jpg.

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WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT 4-2

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  1. http://www.dimijianimages.com/Aggression-defense-page4/vultures.jpghttp://www.dimijianimages.com/Aggression-defense-page4/vultures.jpg http://www.mark-ju.net/wildlife/images/monkey03.jpg WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT4-2 http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif http://www.uark.edu/depts/agripub/Publications/Agnews/mosquito.jpg

  2. Ways organisms interact ______________________ Between SAME and DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Compete with each other for available resources __________________________ Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs __________________________ Between SAME kind of organisms Live together and help each other __________________________ Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms live in close association with another kind of organism

  3. WHAT IS A RESOURCE? ____________________________________________ Examples: ________________________

  4. COMPETITION Organisms in an ecosystem have to compete with each other for available resources. http://www.knology.net/~sgoswald/Eating.jpg http://www.harcourtschool.com/glossary/science/images/gr3/community3.jpg

  5. COMPETITION Organisms in an ecosystem have to compete with each other for available resources: http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Images/LBUN-5K538R/$File/fox_adultandcub.jpg http://www.gdccc.org/Records/EOY2004/NSEOY.htm

  6. COMPETITION Organisms in an ecosystem have to compete with each other for available resources http://www.wasatchcomputers.net/gallery/elk_fight.jpg http://www.biocrawler.com/w/images/thumb/3/34/200px-Peacock_courting_peahen.jpg

  7. COMPETITION Organisms in an ecosystem have to compete with each other for available resources: http://www.elise.com/weblog/photos/prairie-dogs.jpg Prairie dogs - 5 to 35 per acre Mountain lion- 1 male per 50-300 sq. mi http://www.rilanationalpark.org/gr.phtml?dir=../../pictures/in_text&img=/65_1180.jpg

  8. COMPETITION Organisms in an ecosystem have to compete with each other for available resources: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html http://www.csjbacau.ro/gallery/images/Beech%20Tree%20Forest%20in%20Slanic%20Moldova.jpg

  9. Ways organisms interact ___________________ Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

  10. PREDATION Organisms in an ecosystem that capture and eat other organisms to supply their energy needs http://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/rabbit-wolf.gif http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/images/wspred_6.jpg

  11. INTERDEPENDENCE All living and non-living things in an ecosystem are interconnected and changing even one thing impacts the whole ecosystem. When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world.  ~John Muir, naturalist, Sierra Club founder

  12. COMPETITION If resources are scarce, some organisms will starve and populations will decrease. If resources become more plentiful, populations will increase. Competition in nature often results in a winner and a loser . . . with the loser failing to survive!

  13. If a nutrient is in _____________OR __________________ it will LIMIT the growth of the population= _____________ During this drought, there was not enough food available and many kangaroos starved. http://www.wspa-international.org/exhibition/gallery/large_DeadKenyan%20droughtSPANA.jpg

  14. REMEMBER: EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED ! BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 A decrease in the prey population means some predators will starve. Fewer predators mean prey population will increase. Increase in prey means more food for predators. Predator population will increase until there is not enough food . . . and the cycle repeats itself.

  15. LIMITING NUTRIENT The short supply of a limiting nutrient keeps the population in check. When an ecosystem receives a LARGE input of limiting nutrient (ie.,fertilizer runoff) the population increases dramatically = ___________ http://www.greenfacts.org/images/glossary/algae-bloom.jpg

  16. Ways organisms interact __________________ Between SAME kind of organisms Live together and help each other http://www.mark-ju.net/wildlife/images/monkey03.jpg

  17. COOPERATIONSame species live together in groupsEX: herds, packs, colonies, families, etc Share food & childcare responsibilitiesGroom each other Take care of sick http://www.kenyatravelideas.com/african-elephants.html http://www.sphoto.com/medium/meercats37.jpg http://people.uleth.ca/~d.rendall/groom4.jpg

  18. COOPERATIONSame species live together in groupsEX: herds, packs, colonies, families, etc Hunt in packs Provide protection http://www.knology.net/~sgoswald/Eating.jpg http://rosswarner.com/zebras1.jpg

  19. Ways organisms interact __________________________ Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Live in close association with another kind of organism http://www.zahnersatz.com/english/library/symbiosis.jpg

  20. 3 KINDS of SYMBIOSIS ______________________ Both organisms benefit ______________________ One organism benefits; Other is neither harmed nor helped _____________________ One organism benefits; Other is harmed in some way

  21. MUTUALISM“Good for me - Good for you” Birds eat parasites living on the hides of giraffes and rhinos while enjoying protection from predators. Groomed animals lose their pests. http://www.imbt.org/science.htm http://www.hugheshome.net/jon/africa02/images/rhino_bird_JPG.jpg

  22. MUTUALISM“Good for me - Good for you” http://www.providence.edu/bio/faculty/adams/LECTUREProvCollegeMutualism.html Insects transfer pollen between plants as they gather nectar for food. http://www.yksd.com/DistanceEdCourses/YKSDbiology/lessons/SecondQuarterLessons/Chapter5/5-5/images/3-way-mutualism.jpg

  23. MUTUALISM“Good for me - Good for you” Clown fish gets protection from enemies by hiding out in poisonous sea anemones http://www.zahnersatz.com/english/library/symbiosis.jpg Sea anemone gets scraps of leftover food dropped by fish

  24. COMMENSALISM “Good for me - Doesn’t bother you” http://www.geology.wmich.edu/gillespie/g322/Chapters/C16shark.gif Pilot fish receive scraps of food dropped by shark; Shark is neither harmed nor helped

  25. COMMENSALISM “Good for me - Doesn’t bother you” http://www.abyssal.com/meeks/images/hermit_crab.jpg Hermit crabs make homes in shells abandoned by snails; Snail is not harmed by crab

  26. PARASITISM http://www.geology.wmich.edu/gillespie/g322/Chapters/C16parasitism.whale.gif “Good for me - Hurts you” Barnacles are crustaceans that attach to the surface of whales and feed on their skin and fluids; Whale is harmed

  27. PARASITISM http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/guineafowltickphotos.htm “Good for me - Hurts you” Tick feeds on dog’s blood; Dog has discomfort, can get diseases/infection from bite

  28. PARASITISM “Good for me - Hurts you” Tapeworms absorb food by living inside host intestine; host is harmed http://www.biology.ucok.edu/AnimalBiology/Platyhelminthes/tapeworms.jpg

  29. http://www.animationlibrary.com/search/?keywords=recycle BIOGEOCHEMICALCYCLES3-3

  30. See a video clip about CYCLES IN NATURE - Chap 3

  31. http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/Cycles.htm ENERGY & MATTER Energy moves ___________ through the ecosystem. It passes through food chains and is used up or lost. Matter is constantly _________ Take a deep breath. The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago. http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html

  32. 4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms OXYGEN CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN The same molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere in ___________________________

  33. WATER CYCLE= ___________________ http://www.urbanrivers.org/water_cycle.html

  34. WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? Makes up 60-70% of your body Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the ________________________: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Hydrogen in H2O supplies protons (H+) & electrons for_______________ http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm

  35. WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? Water is a good _________________ Many molecules dissolve in water so it provides a place for chemical reactions to happen Water doesn’t change temperature easily so it helps with __________________ http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm

  36. WATER CYCLE __________ _____________ http://www.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/fd6/000_images/cat/c_buee_c.gif

  37. http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/hmv1/watrshed/Etrans.htm The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves = ________________ The return of water tothe surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc. = ____________________

  38. Image edited from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html WATER CYCLE PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start

  39. CARBON CYCLE CO2 in atmosphere CO2 in ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

  40. 4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE • In ____________ as CO2 gas • In _______ as dissolved CO2 gas • On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil • __________ as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels) and calcium carbonate in rocks CO2 in atmosphere CO2 in Ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

  41. Where does CO2 in atmosphere come from? CO2 in atmosphere CO2 in Ocean • ________________ • ______________ • _________________ • ____________ of dead organisms BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

  42. WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

  43. WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? Carbon in CO2 provides the atoms for __________ production during __________________... the fuel that all living things depend on. http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg

  44. NITROGEN CYCLE Section 3-3 BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

  45. WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT? ________________ make DNA and RNA Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in ______ Makes AMINO part of _________ (proteins) Image by Riedell Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

  46. 79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas (N2) BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas we breathe! The bond in N2 gas is so strong it can only be broken by _______________ _______________ ____________________ Image by Riedell Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm

  47. Bacteria that live ______________ and in _________ relationships with plants called _________, take nitrogen from the atmosphere and turn it into ______________, a form that is usable by plants. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED_________________ http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/images/101nodules21.gif

  48. Other bacteria in the soil convert ammonia into ________________ & _________________ which plants can also use. The nitrogen we need for proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids comes from the ___________ ___________ we breathe! Image from: http://www.utdallas.edu/images/departments/biology/misc/gonzalez-image.jpg and http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif modified by Riedell

  49. NITROGEN CYCLE Section 3-3 N2 in Atmosphere NO3- and NO2- NH3 BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

  50. Bacteria that live ______________ also carry out the reverse process ___________ → _____________. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED_________________

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