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(Q. 4) What rituals do we perform?

Hindu ritual: Bhakti yoga Buddhist ritual Orthodox Judaism Christianity Islam: Salat. (Q. 4) What rituals do we perform?. Saktas (female) Vishnu: ( Vaishnavites ) order, goodness of life Shiva ( Saivites ) Death and life, order and chaos Kali: goddess of destruction

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(Q. 4) What rituals do we perform?

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  1. Hindu ritual: Bhakti yoga Buddhist ritual Orthodox Judaism Christianity Islam: Salat (Q. 4) What rituals do we perform?

  2. Saktas (female) Vishnu: (Vaishnavites) order, goodness of life Shiva (Saivites) Death and life, order and chaos Kali: goddess of destruction All gods are avatars (embodiments) of Brahman Bhakti yoga = “Love me”

  3. (Sakti) Vishnu Shiva Durga/Kali Parvati Krishna Rama Ganesh

  4. life-cycle rituals “liminal” moments Upanayana twice-born boy Begins the “3 debts” sacred thread Practice: Samskaras

  5. “Agni” sacrifice Cremation Ganges at Benares Marriage & Funerals

  6. Worship, both private and public Home: purity Temple: usually individual The god/ess inhabits the image Show devotion of god by caring for its image Practice: Puja

  7. Chant Stupa, pilgrimage Buddhist Ritual:Theravada

  8. Buddha puja Chanting and “faith” Pure Land, True Pure Land Buddhist Ritual: Mahayana

  9. The Daily Cycle: governed by halakhah pray three times daily morning prayer, psalm reading in the synagogue hand–washing before meals blessings: Blessed are you, Lord our God, king of the universe, who brings forth bread from the earth” Worship and Ritual (Orthodox Judaism)

  10. = Sabbath joys of paradise and redemption anticipated — male a king, female a queen food prepared ahead; stove relit, electric lights turned on candles lit and blessed by mother; wine & bread set out Services Fri. & Sat The Weekly cycle: Shabbat

  11. Rosh Hashanah(10 days, inclusive) Yom Kippur: atonement Sukkot(h): Booths (5th d. after Yom Kippur) Holidays: Days of Awe & Sukkoth

  12. Hanukkah (Antiochus, Judas Maccabeus) Purim(Esther, Mordecai, Haman) Holidays: God’s Protection

  13. Holidays: Pesah (Passover)

  14. Blessing; cup of wine Parsley in salt water Breaking of Matzahs Four questions Story Blessing of Bitter Herbs & Matzah “Sandwich” Dinner Afikomen Blessing “Cup of Elijah” Singing_____________________________ Shavu’otGiving of Torah at Mt. Sinai Basic order of Seder (Haggadah)

  15. Initiation = Baptism After year of study (“catechumenate”) Forgiveness of sins Supernaturally puts believer “in Christ” Eucharist: thanksgiving (also, “Communion”) Weekly celebration, Sunday morning Only for Christians: a “mystery” The “body and blood of Christ” Christian Worship

  16. Reading, explaining, the religious writings “Old Testament” (Jewish scriptures in Greek) Letters from early missionaries (“epistles”) Life and teachings of Jesus (“gospels” ← euangelion) Prayers Structure of Worship (1)

  17. The Eucharist the “thanksgiving” The prayer par excellence Offering (gifts) Retell “salvation history” → death and resurrection of Jesus This is happening “now,”“for us” Communion, sending forth Bishop as “president” Structure of Worship (2)

  18. “Church” at York York:bishop Manchester Dover Bishop & Presbyters Wrights-ville New Oxford presbyter presbyter Red Lion [presbyter → priest]

  19. “Catholic” Church Pentecostalism Revivalism → Evangelicalism Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox “Radical” Reformed Lutheran Anglican

  20. Human forms not absolute E.g., Rituals, Traditions God is infinite and “sovereign” cannot be identified with any human expressions Bible is ultimate = “Word of God” Gives truth about God Problem of multiple interpretations “The Protestant Principle”(Huston Smith) 31

  21. Prayer five times a day From dawn to just before sunrise Just after (solar) noon Halfway between noon and sunset Just after sunset Dark night (beg. 1-1/2 hour after sunset) Times of Muslim Salat

  22. Call to prayer: muezzin, from a minaret Wudu: (minor) ritual purification Full body bath After sexual relations or ejaculation End menstrual period After childbirth Preparation

  23. Face Mecca Ra’ka: unit of prayer Standing Bowing from waist Standing Prostration Sitting → Prostration Standing; Greeting Salat

  24. Allahu Akbar (God is the most great.)Recite aloud the first surah of the Qur’an. God is the most great. Holy is my Lord, the Magnificent. Allah listens to him who praises Him. Our Lord, to You is due all praise. Allahu Akbar Glory to my Lord, the Most High.

  25. All greetings, blessings and good acts are from You, my Lord. Greetings to you, O Prophet, and the mercy and blessings of Allah. Peace be unto us, and unto the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is no deity except Allah. And I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger.

  26. Allah, bless our Muhammad and the people of Muhammad, as you have blessed Abraham and the people of Abraham. Surely you are the Praiseworthy, the Glorious. O Allah, be gracious unto Muhammad and the people of Muhammad, as you were gracious unto Abraham and the people of Abraham. Surely you are the Praiseworthy, the Glorious.

  27. [Look over right shoulder (toward the angel recording your good deeds),then the left (toward the angel recording your wrongful deeds)] Peace and blessings of God be upon you. “May God receive our prayers.”

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