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Chapter 1 Section 2: The Beginning of Agriculture

Chapter 1 Section 2: The Beginning of Agriculture . Main Idea The development of agriculture was a major turning point in human history and significantly changed the way in which many people lived. Reading Focus

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Chapter 1 Section 2: The Beginning of Agriculture

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  1. Chapter 1 Section 2: The Beginning of Agriculture

  2. Main Idea The development of agriculture was a major turning point in human history and significantly changed the way in which many people lived. • Reading Focus • What new tools and technologies did early humans develop during the New Stone Age? • How did early agriculture develop and spread? • In what ways did the development of agriculture change Stone Age society?

  3. I. The New Stone Age The Neolithic Era - about 8000 BC to 3000 BC

  4. I. The New Stone Age Advances in tool making define Neolithic Era

  5. I. The New Stone Age Old - Stones chipped to make points New - Polished stones to make points - Specialized tools Flint Knapping

  6. II. Development of Agriculture Last Ice Age ended about 10,000 years ago; new animals and plants appeared

  7. II. Development of Agriculture People learned to farm and became food producers - the Neolithic Revolution

  8. II. Development of Agriculture They gathered wild grains, learned connection between seeds and plants

  9. II. Development of Agriculture Domestication – selective growing/breeding of plants/animals; best traits were kept

  10. II. Development of Agriculture First domesticated animals probably dogs; followed by cattle, sheep, etc.

  11. II. Development of Agriculture Domesticated plants and animals = reliable food source; large animals were put to work

  12. III. Agriculture Changes Society Reliable food supply resulted in world population increase

  13. III. Agriculture Changes Society Some people became nomadic pastoralists; others formed farming settlements Nomadic Mongol’s Camp

  14. A. Early Farming Societies Settlements grew into villages and towns 5,000 year-old Neolithic village of Skara Brae, occupied from about 3180 BC to 2500 BC

  15. A. Early Farming Societies Improved agriculture needed fewer workers; artisans/craftsmen appeared; trade increased Funerary  pottery Beads and Pendants

  16. A. Early Farming Societies Social status based on wealth, influence, and authority; men gained dominance over women

  17. A. Early Farming Societies Other changes: formalized religion; warfare over land/resources; crop failure meant famine; increased disease Stonehenge Maikop Gold Bull Russia, 2500 BC

  18. B. New Technologies Cattle pulled improved plows

  19. B. New Technologies New tools to prepare grains; clay pottery; wool spun into yarn; c. 3000 BC - the Bronze Age

  20. C. Catal Huyuk c. 6000 BC - largest Neolithic village: covered 30 acres, 5000 to 6000 people

  21. C. Catal Huyuk Farmed, raised animals; conducted wide-ranging trade

  22. D. Otzi the Iceman 1991 – hikers found a frozen 5300 year-old Neolithic man in Italy’s Alps

  23. D. Otzi the Iceman Otzi added great deal to information about Neolithic life Otzi the Iceman (also spelled Oetzi and known also as Frozen Fritz)

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