The War for Independence: Victories, Defeats, and Symbolic Value

1. STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LEARNING OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT • Trace the war through the winter at Valley Forge. • Examine civilian life during the Revolution. • Trace the war in the South through the siege of Yorktown. • Recognize the symbolic value of the Revolution.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

3. Section 2 The War for Independence Key American victories reverse British advances during the American Revolutionary War. NEXT

5. 2-2 THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE New York City early site of battles Lose to the British Because of trained army and navy British controlled largest port in the Americas Colonial troops retreat, then surprise British troops at Saratoga Loyalists and Patriots • Loyalists—colonists who support King George III and Britain • Patriots—colonists in favor of independence from Britain

7. SECTION 2 The War for Independence The War Begins Loyalists and Patriots • Loyalists—colonists who support King George III and Britain • Patriots—colonists in favor of independence from Britain Continued . . . NEXT

8. 2-2A Loyalist vs Patriots Early Victories and Defeats • British take New York in 1776; Washington retreats to Pennsylvania • Washington takes Trenton; British take Philadelphia in 1777 • How did the thinking of Loyalist differ from that of Patriots? • Loyalists maintained respect for the king and preferred British rule. • Patriots agreed with Paine and wanted to be free of tyrannical laws imposed by Britain.

9. SECTION 2 The War for Independence The War Begins Early Victories and Defeats • British take New York in 1776; Washington retreats to Pennsylvania • Washington takes Trenton; British take Philadelphia in 1777 Continued . . . NEXT

10. Early Victories and Defeats British take New York in 1776; Washington retreats to Pennsylvania Washington takes Trenton; British take Philadelphia in 1777

12. Saratoga and Valley Forge Saratoga—Patriot’s victory convinces French to aid Continental Army Valley Forge—winter camp where Continental Army loses over 2,000 (1778)

13. SECTION 2 continuedThe War Begins Saratoga and Valley Forge • Saratoga—Patriot’s victory convinces French to aid Continental Army • Valley Forge—winter camp where Continental Army loses over 2,000 (1778) NEXT

14. Valley Forge Darkest period of the War: soldiers low morale, low on supplies and enlistments about to expire. Begin drilling and training.

16. On the way to the Battle of Trenton

17. The first great success of the Continental Army. December 26, 1776, General Washington crossed the Delaware River Almost two thirds of the 1,500-man garrison was captured The dramatic victory inspired soldiers to serve longer and attracted new recruits to the ranks.  Battle of Trenton: Reinvigorated the Army

23. 2-2B Early Victories  • Why were these early victories so important to the Continental Army? • The victories restored the soldiers’ confidence after numerous loses. • After the Battle of Saratoga the French signed an alliance with the Americans.

24. WINNING THE WAR With Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, a Prussian general colonial troops became effective fighters British General Cornwallisfinally surrendered at Yorktown, Va. on October 18, 1781 The Americans victory shocked the world Cornwallis surrenders

25. The British Surrender at Yorktown Treaty of Paris (1783) establishes colonial independence and borders

27. SECTION 2 Life During the Revolution Economic Changes During the War • Congress prints paper money, causing inflation—rising prices • Robert Morris and Haym Salomon raise money to pay Continental Army • Women manage homes, businesses; some fight in war • Many slaves escape during the war; about 5,000 join Continental Army NEXT

28. Economic Changes During the War

29. 2-2C Women • What important contribution did women make in the Revolutionary War? • Women managed farms and businesses as well as households and families. Some women accompanied their husbands in the army. Molly Pitcher

30. SECTION 2 Winning the War Foreign Military Aid • Marquis de Lafayette—encourages France to send reinforcements, 1779 • European military leaders help train the Continental Army NEXT

31. Foreign Assistance Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben  • Marquis de Lafayette Americans gain reinforcements, confidence and influence after their early victories.

32. Foreign Military Aid Marquis de Lafayette—encourages France to send reinforcements, 1779 European military leaders help train the Continental Army

33. SECTION 2 Winning the War The British Move South • Charles Cornwallis, British general, wins many southern victories • He camps at Yorktown, plans to take Virginia NEXT

34. SECTION 2 Winning the War The British Surrender at Yorktown • Cornwallis is surrounded at Yorktown, surrenders in October 1781 • Treaty of Paris (1783) establishes colonial independence and borders NEXT

35. 2-2D Challenges What was the most important challenge(s) that faced the new United States? How the govt would unify the former colonies. How the govt would remain answerable to the people . How the govt would maintain respect of European allies.

36. 2-2E Native Americans How has the American Revolution affected the lives of the Native Americans? The colonist saw economic opportunities in the lands occupied by Native Americans and gradually began to take the land away from them.

37. New Ideas After the War War stimulates egalitarianism—belief in equality of all people In 1780s, egalitarianism applies to white men only Women have few legal or political rights African Americans still face slavery or discrimination Native Americans continue to be pushed off their land by settlers

39. SECTION 2 The War Becomes a Symbol of Liberty New Ideas After the War • War stimulates egalitarianism—belief in equality of all people • In 1780s, egalitarianism applies to white men only • Women have few legal or political rights • African Americans still face slavery or discrimination • Native Americans continue to be pushed off their land by settlers NEXT

40. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress voted unanimously that the American Colonies were free and they adopted the Declaration of Independence The Colonists had declared their independence– they would now have to fight for it  JEFFERSON, ADAMS, & FRANKLIN

41. Egalitarianism

42. 1775 Second Continental Congress The colonial militia recognized as Continental Army; General George Washington named its leader Colonies began printing colonial money to pay soldiers Committee was organized to deal with foreign affairs