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Prehistory Neolitic Revolution Traits of Civilization

Prehistory Neolitic Revolution Traits of Civilization. Early Humans. Prehistory-3500 BC Prehistory: Before written records. Understanding Prehistory. Archaeology : the study of past societies through an analysis of what people have left behind.

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Prehistory Neolitic Revolution Traits of Civilization

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  1. PrehistoryNeolitic RevolutionTraits of Civilization Early Humans

  2. Prehistory-3500 BCPrehistory:Before written records

  3. Understanding Prehistory • Archaeology: the study of past societies through an analysis of what people have left behind

  4. artifacts: tools, pottery, paintings, weapons, buildings, and other items of early people

  5. Anthropologist: studies culture – uses artifacts and fossils to determine how people lived their lives • Culture: Unique way of life of a people

  6. Early Stages of Development

  7. Stage 1- Hominid: • the earliest human-like creatures that walked upright

  8. Stage 2 – Homo Erectus: “upright human being” • More & larger tools • Learned to use fire • First to leave Africa & move into Europe & Asia

  9. Stage 3 – Homo Sapiens: “wise human being” • Neanderthals – first found in Neander Valley in Germany -first people to bury their dead • Homo Sapiens Sapiens – first humans who looked like us

  10. The Paleolithic Age • Old Stone Age • Used simple stone tools

  11. Lifestyle • Nomads – moved from place to place following the animal migration & vegetation cycles

  12. Major advances • Mastery of fire • Art – cave drawings The polychrome painting above, of a "cow and a horse," is a paleolithic cave painting from the caves at Lascaux, in the Dordogne region of France.  -- 15,000 BCE

  13. The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization

  14. NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION: The shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis that occurred around 8000 B.C.

  15. Neolithic = Greek for “new stone”

  16. Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution: • Organized communities • Trading of goods • Systematic agriculture • Population explosion

  17. Civilization:a complex culture in which large numbers of people share a number of common elements

  18. 6 Characteristics of Civilization 1. Cities 2. Government 3. Religion 4. Social Structure 5. Writing 6. Art

  19. 1. The Rise of Cities • First developed in river valleys where people could carry on large-scale farming to feed large populations

  20. 2. Government • Growing population, need to maintain food supply, and build walls for defense led to organization of the government • Organize & regulate human activity • monarchs

  21. 3. Religion • Developed to explain the workings of nature and the fact of their own existence • Priests – power by divine authority & led rituals to gain the favor of the gods

  22. 4. Social Structure Upper Class--priests, government officials, and warriors • Middle Class farmers, artisans, and craftspeople Slaves

  23. 5. Writing • Scribes kept records • Records developed into literature

  24. 6. Art • Temples built for worship & burial • Paintings & Sculptures – developed to portray gods & goddesses or natural forces

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