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BONDING

BONDING. Review Chemical Reactivity. Octet rule - ______________________________________________________________________ atoms tend to gain , lose or share electrons to try and have eight electrons in their outer shell.

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BONDING

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  1. BONDING

  2. Review Chemical Reactivity • Octet rule - ______________________________________________________________________ • atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons to try and have eight electrons in their outer shell. • Noble gases are non-reactive because they have 8 valence electrons.

  3. IONICBONDING

  4. Its all about “I” • Bonding by gaining or losing electrons to achieve a full outer shell

  5. ValenceElectrons • Electrons in the outer most shell • We use these to help with bonding

  6. Definitions • Ion – charged atom (atom that has gained/lost electron and has a positive or negative charge) • Cation – ion with positive charge • Anion – ion with negative charge

  7. Ions • An ion is a atom that has gained or lostone or more electrons and has a positive or negative charge. • Atoms gain or lose electrons in order to achieve the octet rule (8 valence electrons)

  8. Ions • NOTE – when you see a (+), the atom is LOSING an electron. • NOTE – when you see a (-), the atom is GAINING an electron

  9. Metallic Character • Metals • Nonmetals • Metalloids

  10. Metal Elements • Nearly all metals form cations. • Mg has 2 valence electrons. It is much easier to lose two electrons than gain six electrons. • Mg 2+ …..cation

  11. Nonmetal Elements • Nearly all nonmetal elements form anions. • Oxygen has 6 valence electrons • It is much easier for Oxygen to gain two electrons than to lose six. • O 2- ……..anion

  12. Ion Names • Naming a Cation (positive ions, atoms that lose electrons) • Simply the name of the element • Example: Na+ - sodium ion Mg 2+ - Magnesium ion

  13. Ion Names • Naming an Anion – (negative ions, atoms that gains electrons) • The element name ends in –ide. • Example: Cl- - chloride ion O2- - oxide ion

  14. Ionic Bonding • The force of attraction between a positive charge and negative charge creates the ionic bond. • Ex: Wants to be neutral…Sodium ion (Na+) has a +1 charge and Chloride ion (Cl-) has a -1 charge. • Sodium Chloride…table salt

  15. K F IONIC bond - electrons are lost or gained, resulting in the formation of IONS in ionic compounds.

  16. K F

  17. K F

  18. K F

  19. K F

  20. K F

  21. K F

  22. _ + K F

  23. Ionic Compound Names • The cation ion goes first, then the anion • Remember when naming an Anion – (atom that gains electrons) it will end in ide • Example: NaCl Sodium Chloride • MgO Magnesium Oxide

  24. _ + K F The compound potassium fluoride consists of potassium (K+) ions and fluoride (F-) ions

  25. _ + K F The ionicbond is the attraction between the positive K+ion and the negative F-ion

  26. Covalent Bonds

  27. Covalent Bonding • Bonding by sharing electrons to achieve a full outer shell

  28. In covalent bonding, atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration • (the octet rule). • But rather than losing or gaining electrons, atoms now share an electron pair. • The shared electron pair is called a bonding pair

  29. Chlorine forms a covalent bond with itself Cl2

  30. How will two chlorine atoms react? Cl Cl

  31. Cl Cl Each chlorine atom wants to gainoneelectron to achieve an octet

  32. Cl Cl Neither atom will give up an electron – What’s the solution –what can they do to achieve an octet?

  33. Cl Cl

  34. Cl Cl

  35. Cl Cl

  36. Cl Cl

  37. Cl Cl octet

  38. Cl Cl octet circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets

  39. Cl Cl The octet is achieved by each atom sharing the electron pair in the middle circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets

  40. Cl Cl The octet is achieved by each atom sharing the electron pair in the middle circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets

  41. Cl Cl This is the bonding pair circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets

  42. Cl Cl • It is a single bonding pair • The chorine atoms are sharing • one pair of electrons. circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets

  43. Cl Cl It is called aSINGLE BOND circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets

  44. Cl Cl Single bonds are abbreviated with a dash circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets

  45. O O How will two oxygen atoms bond?

  46. O O Each atom has two unpaired electrons

  47. O O

  48. O O

  49. O O

  50. O O

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